EXTRACT
The EXTRACT phase consists of the following steps:
Extraction and cleaning of the ecoinvent database
Import and cleaning of additional inventories
Import and cleaning of user-provided inventories (optional)
Caching, if these database and inventories are imported for the first time
Loading of IAM data
Current IAM scenarios
premise includes several Integrated Assessment Model (IAM) scenarios, but you can also use other scenarios. In premise, scenarios are defined by their Shared Socio-economic Pathway (SSP), a climate trajectory—often represented by a Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP)—and a year (e.g., SSP1, Base, 2035).
SSP/RCP scenario |
GMST increase by 2100 |
Society/economy trend |
Climate policy |
REMIND |
IMAGE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SSP1-None |
2.3-2.8 °C |
Optimistic trends for human develop. and economy, driven by sustainable practices. |
None |
SSP1-Base |
SSP1-Base |
SSP1-None |
~2.2 °C |
Optimistic trends for human develop. and economy, driven by sustainable practices. |
National Policies Implemented (NPI). |
SSP1-NPi |
|
SSP1-None |
~1.9 °C |
Optimistic trends for human develop. and economy, driven by sustainable practices. |
Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). |
SSP1-NDC |
|
SSP1-RCP2.6 |
~1.7 °C |
Optimistic trends for human develop. and economy, driven by sustainable practices. |
Paris Agreement objective. |
SSP1-PkBudg1150 |
|
SSP1-RCP1.9 |
~1.3 °C |
Optimistic trends for human develop. and economy, driven by sustainable practices. |
Paris Agreement objective. |
SSP1-PkBudg500 |
|
SSP2-None |
~3.5 °C |
Extrapolation from historical developments. |
None (eq. to RCP6) |
SSP2-Base |
SSP2-Base |
SSP2-None |
~3.3 °C |
Extrapolation from historical developments. |
National Policies Implemented (NPI). |
SSP2-NPi |
|
SSP2-None |
~2.5 °C |
Extrapolation from historical developments. |
Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). |
SSP2-NDC |
|
SSP2-RCP2.6 |
1.6-1.8 °C |
Extrapolation from historical developments. |
Paris Agreement objective. |
SSP2-PkBudg1150 |
SSP2-RCP26 |
SSP2-RCP1.9 |
1.2-1.4 °C |
Extrapolation from historical developments. |
Paris Agreement objective. |
SSP2-PkBudg500 |
SSP2-RCP19 |
SSP5-None |
~4.5 °C |
Optimistic trends for human develop. and economy, driven by fossil fuels. |
None |
SSP5-Base |
|
SSP5-None |
~4.0 °C |
Optimistic trends for human develop. and economy, driven by fossil fuels. |
National Policies Implemented (NPI). |
SSP5-NPi |
|
SSP5-None |
~3.0 °C |
Optimistic trends for human develop. and economy, driven by fossil fuels. |
Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). |
SSP5-NDC |
|
SSP5-RCP2.6 |
~1.7 °C |
Optimistic trends for human develop. and economy, driven by fossil fuels. |
Paris Agreement objective. |
SSP5-PkBudg1150 |
|
SSP5-RCP1.9 |
~1.0 °C |
Optimistic trends for human develop. and economy, driven by fossil fuels. |
Paris Agreement objective. |
SSP5-PkBudg500 |
Note
A summary report of the main variables of the scenarios selected is generated automatically after each database export. There is also an online dashboard. You can also generate it manually:
Supported versions of ecoinvent
premise currently works with the following ecoinvent database versions:
v.3.5, cut-off
v.3.6, cut-off
v.3.7, cut-off
v.3.7.1, cut-off
v.3.8, cut-off and consequential
v.3.9/3.9.1, cut-off and consequential
Supported sources of ecoinvent
premise can extract the ecoinvent database from:
a brightway2 project that contains the ecoinvent database
ecosposld2 files, that can be downloaded from the ecoinvent website
Note
The ecoinvent database is not included in premise. You need to have a valid license to download and use it. Also, please read carefully ecoinvent’s EULA before using premise.
From a brightway2 project
To extract from an ecoinvent database located in a brightway2 project, simply indicate the database name in source_db and its version in source_version:
from premise import *
import brightway2 as bw
bw.projects.set_current("my_project)
ndb = NewDatabase(
scenarios=[
{"model":"remind", "pathway":"SSP2-Base", "year":2028}
],
source_db="ecoinvent 3.7 cutoff", # <-- this is NEW.
source_version="3.7.1", # <-- this is NEW
key='xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx',
use_multiprocessing=True, # True by default, set to False if multiprocessing is causing troubles
keep_uncertainty_data=False # False by default, set to True if you want to keep ecoinvent's uncertainty data
)
Note that a cache of the database will be created the first time and store in the library folder. Any subsequent creation of databases using the same ecoinvent version will no longer require this extraction step.
If you wish to clear that cache folder, do:
from premise import *
clear_cache()
Note
It is recommended to restart your notebook once the data has been cached for the first time, so that the remaining steps can be performed using the cached data (much faster).
From ecospold2 files
To extract from a set of ecospold2 files, you need to point to the location of those files in source_file_path, as well as indicate the database format in source_type:
from premise import *
ndb = NewDatabase(
scenarios = [
{"model":"remind", "pathway":"SSP2-Base", "year":2028}
],
source_type="ecospold", # <--- this is NEW
source_file_path=r"C:\file\path\to\ecoinvent 3.5_cutoff_ecoSpold02\datasets", # <-- this is NEW
source_version="3.5",
)
Import of additional inventories
After the ecoinvent database is extracted and checked, a number of additional inventories are imported, regardless of the year of scenario that is being considered.
Power generation
A number of datasets relating to power generation not originally present in ecoinvent are imported. The next sub-sections lists such datasets.
Power plants with CCS
Datasets for power generation with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) are imported. They originate from Volkart et al. 2013, and can be consulted here: LCI_Power_generation. An exception to this are the inventories for biomass-based integrated gasification combined cycle power plants (BIGCCS), which are from Briones-Hidrovo et al, 2020.
The table below lists the names of the new activities (only production datasets are shown).
Power generation with CCS (activities list)
location
electricity production, at power plant/hard coal, IGCC, no CCS
RER
electricity production, at power plant/hard coal, PC, no CCS
RER
electricity production, at power plant/hard coal, oxy, pipeline 200km, storage 1000m
RER
electricity production, at power plant/hard coal, oxy, pipeline 400km, storage 3000m
RER
electricity production, at power plant/hard coal, post, pipeline 200km, storage 1000m
RER
electricity production, at power plant/hard coal, post, pipeline 400km, storage 1000m
RER
electricity production, at power plant/hard coal, post, pipeline 400km, storage 3000m
RER
electricity production, at power plant/hard coal, pre, pipeline 200km, storage 1000m
RER
electricity production, at power plant/hard coal, pre, pipeline 400km, storage 3000m
RER
electricity production, at power plant/lignite, IGCC, no CCS
RER
electricity production, at power plant/lignite, PC, no CCS
RER
electricity production, at power plant/lignite, oxy, pipeline 200km, storage 1000m
RER
electricity production, at power plant/lignite, oxy, pipeline 400km, storage 3000m
RER
electricity production, at power plant/lignite, post, pipeline 200km, storage 1000m
RER
electricity production, at power plant/lignite, post, pipeline 400km, storage 3000m
RER
electricity production, at power plant/lignite, pre, pipeline 200km, storage 1000m
RER
electricity production, at power plant/lignite, pre, pipeline 400km, storage 3000m
RER
electricity production, at power plant/natural gas, ATR H2-CC, no CCS
RER
electricity production, at power plant/natural gas, NGCC, no CCS/kWh
RER
electricity production, at power plant/natural gas, post, pipeline 200km, storage 1000m
RER
electricity production, at power plant/natural gas, post, pipeline 400km, storage 1000m
RER
electricity production, at power plant/natural gas, post, pipeline 400km, storage 3000m
RER
electricity production, at power plant/natural gas, pre, pipeline 200km, storage 1000m
RER
electricity production, at power plant/natural gas, pre, pipeline 400km, storage 3000m
RER
electricity production, at wood burning power plant 20 MW, truck 25km, no CCS
RER
electricity production, at wood burning power plant 20 MW, truck 25km, post, pipeline 200km, storage 1000m
RER
electricity production, at wood burning power plant 20 MW, truck 25km, post, pipeline 400km, storage 3000m
RER
Natural gas
Updated inventories relating to natural gas extraction and distribution are imported to substitute some of the original ecoinvent dataset. These datasets originate from ESU Services and come with a report, and can be consulted here: LCI_Oil_NG.
They have been adapted to a brightway2-compatible format. These new inventories have, among other things, higher methane slip emissions along the natural gas supply chain, especially at extraction.
Original dataset
Replaced by
natural gas production (natural gas, high pressure), DE
natural gas, at production (natural gas, high pressure), DE
natural gas production (natural gas, high pressure), DZ
natural gas, at production (natural gas, high pressure), DZ
natural gas production (natural gas, high pressure), US
natural gas, at production (natural gas, high pressure), US
natural gas production (natural gas, high pressure), RU
natural gas, at production (natural gas, high pressure), RU
petroleum and gas production, GB
natural gas, at production (natural gas, high pressure), GB
petroleum and gas production, NG
natural gas, at production (natural gas, high pressure), NG
petroleum and gas production, NL
natural gas, at production (natural gas, high pressure), NL
petroleum and gas production, NO
natural gas, at production (natural gas, high pressure), NO
The original natural gas datasets are preserved, but they do not provide input to any other datasets in the database. The new datasets provide natural gas at high pressure to the original supply chains, which remain unchanged.
The table below lists the names of the new activities (only high pressure datasets are shown).
Natural gas extraction
location
natural gas, at production
AZ
natural gas, at production
RO
natural gas, at production
LY
natural gas, at production
SA
natural gas, at production
IQ
natural gas, at production
RU
natural gas, at production
NL
natural gas, at production
DZ
natural gas, at production
NG
natural gas, at production
DE
natural gas, at production
KZ
natural gas, at production
NO
natural gas, at production
QA
natural gas, at production
GB
natural gas, at production
MX
natural gas, at production
US
Note
This import does not occur when using ecoinvent v.3.9 as those dataset updates are already included.
Photovoltaic panels
Photovoltaic panel inventories originate the IEA’s Task 12 project IEA_PV. They have been adapted into a brightway2-friendly format. They can be consulted here: LCI_PV.
They consist of the following PV installation types:
PV installation
location
photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 1.3 MWp, multi-Si, panel, mounted, on roof
CH
photovoltaic flat-roof installation, 156 kWp, multi-Si, on roof
CH
photovoltaic flat-roof installation, 156 kWp, single-Si, on roof
CH
photovoltaic flat-roof installation, 280 kWp, multi-Si, on roof
CH
photovoltaic flat-roof installation, 280 kWp, single-Si, on roof
CH
photovoltaic flat-roof installation, 324 kWp, multi-Si, on roof
DE
photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 3 kWp, CIS, laminated, integrated, on roof
CH
photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 3 kWp, CIS, laminated, integrated, on roof
RER
photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 3 kWp, CdTe, panel, mounted, on roof
CH
photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 3 kWp, CdTe, panel, mounted, on roof
RER
photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 3 kWp, micro-Si, laminated, integrated, on roof
RER
photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 3 kWp, micro-Si, panel, mounted, on roof
RER
photovoltaic flat-roof installation, 450 kWp, single-Si, on roof
DE
photovoltaic open ground installation, 560 kWp, single-Si, on open ground
CH
photovoltaic open ground installation, 569 kWp, multi-Si, on open ground
ES
photovoltaic open ground installation, 570 kWp, CIS, on open ground
RER
photovoltaic open ground installation, 570 kWp, CdTe, on open ground
RER
photovoltaic open ground installation, 570 kWp, micro-Si, on open ground
RER
photovoltaic open ground installation, 570 kWp, multi-Si, on open ground
ES
photovoltaic open ground installation, 570 kWp, multi-Si, on open ground
RER
photovoltaic open ground installation, 570 kWp, single-Si, on open ground
RER
photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 93 kWp, multi-Si, laminated, integrated, on roof
CH
photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 93 kWp, multi-Si, panel, mounted, on roof
CH
photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 93 kWp, single-Si, laminated, integrated, on roof
CH
photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 93 kWp, single-Si, panel, mounted, on roof
CH
Although these datasets have a limited number of locations (CH, RER, DE, ES), the IEA report provides country-specific load factors:
production [kWh/kWp]
roof-top
façade
central
PT
1427
999
1513
IL
1695
1187
1798
SE
919
643
974
FR
968
678
1026
TR
1388
971
1471
NZ
1240
868
1315
MY
1332
933
1413
CN
971
679
1029
TH
1436
1005
1522
ZA
1634
1144
1733
JP
1024
717
1086
CH
976
683
1040
DE
922
645
978
KR
1129
790
1197
AT
1044
731
1111
GR
1323
926
1402
IE
796
557
844
AU
1240
868
1314
IT
1298
908
1376
MX
1612
1128
1709
NL
937
656
994
GB
848
593
899
ES
1423
996
1509
CL
1603
1122
1699
HU
1090
763
1156
CZ
944
661
1101
CA
1173
821
1243
US
1401
981
1485
NO
832
583
882
FI
891
624
945
BE
908
635
962
DK
971
680
1030
LU
908
635
962
In the report, the generation potential per installation type is multiplied by the number of installations in each country, to produce country-specific PV power mix datasets normalized to 1 kWh. The report specifies the production-weighted PV mix for each country, but we further split it between residential (<=3kWp) and commercial (>3kWp) installations (as most IAMs make such distinction):
Production-weighted PV mix
location
electricity production, photovoltaic, residential
PT
electricity production, photovoltaic, residential
IL
electricity production, photovoltaic, residential
SE
electricity production, photovoltaic, residential
FR
electricity production, photovoltaic, residential
TR
electricity production, photovoltaic, residential
NZ
electricity production, photovoltaic, residential
MY
electricity production, photovoltaic, residential
CN
electricity production, photovoltaic, residential
TH
electricity production, photovoltaic, residential
ZA
electricity production, photovoltaic, residential
JP
electricity production, photovoltaic, residential
CH
electricity production, photovoltaic, residential
DE
electricity production, photovoltaic, residential
KR
electricity production, photovoltaic, residential
AT
electricity production, photovoltaic, residential
GR
electricity production, photovoltaic, residential
IE
electricity production, photovoltaic, residential
AU
electricity production, photovoltaic, residential
IT
electricity production, photovoltaic, residential
MX
electricity production, photovoltaic, residential
NL
electricity production, photovoltaic, residential
GB
electricity production, photovoltaic, residential
ES
electricity production, photovoltaic, residential
CL
electricity production, photovoltaic, residential
HU
electricity production, photovoltaic, residential
CZ
electricity production, photovoltaic, residential
CA
electricity production, photovoltaic, residential
US
electricity production, photovoltaic, residential
NO
electricity production, photovoltaic, residential
FI
electricity production, photovoltaic, residential
BE
electricity production, photovoltaic, residential
DK
electricity production, photovoltaic, residential
LU
electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial
PT
electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial
IL
electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial
SE
electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial
FR
electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial
TR
electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial
NZ
electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial
MY
electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial
CN
electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial
TH
electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial
ZA
electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial
JP
electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial
CH
electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial
DE
electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial
KR
electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial
AT
electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial
GR
electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial
IE
electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial
AU
electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial
IT
electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial
MX
electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial
NL
electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial
GB
electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial
ES
electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial
CL
electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial
HU
electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial
CZ
electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial
CA
electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial
US
electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial
NO
electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial
FI
electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial
BE
electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial
DK
electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial
LU
Hence, inside the residential PV mix of Spain (“electricity production, photovoltaic, residential”), one will find the following inputs for the production of 1kWh:
name
amount
location
unit
Energy, solar, converted
3.8503
megajoule
Heat, waste
0.25027
megajoule
photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 3 kWp, CIS, laminated, integrated, on roof
2.48441E-08
CH
unit
photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 3 kWp, CdTe, panel, mounted, on roof
4.99911E-07
CH
unit
photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 3 kWp, micro-Si, laminated, integrated, on roof
3.93869E-09
RER
unit
photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 3 kWp, micro-Si, panel, mounted, on roof
6.55186E-08
RER
unit
photovoltaic facade installation, 3kWp, multi-Si, laminated, integrated, at building
2.10481E-07
RER
unit
photovoltaic facade installation, 3kWp, multi-Si, panel, mounted, at building
2.10481E-07
RER
unit
photovoltaic facade installation, 3kWp, single-Si, laminated, integrated, at building
1.11463E-07
RER
unit
photovoltaic facade installation, 3kWp, single-Si, panel, mounted, at building
1.11463E-07
RER
unit
photovoltaic flat-roof installation, 3kWp, multi-Si, on roof
2.20794E-06
RER
unit
photovoltaic flat-roof installation, 3kWp, single-Si, on roof
1.17025E-06
RER
unit
photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 3kWp, CIS, panel, mounted, on roof
4.12805E-07
CH
unit
photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 3kWp, CdTe, laminated, integrated, on roof
3.00704E-08
CH
unit
photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 3kWp, multi-Si, laminated, integrated, on roof
1.08693E-07
RER
unit
photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 3kWp, multi-Si, panel, mounted, on roof
1.81407E-06
RER
unit
photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 3kWp, single-Si, laminated, integrated, on roof
5.75655E-08
RER
unit
photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 3kWp, single-Si, panel, mounted, on roof
9.6195E-07
RER
unit
with, for example, 2.48E-8 units of “photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 3 kWp, CIS, laminated, integrated, on roof” being calculated as:
1 / (30 [years] * 1423 [kWh/kWp] * 0.32% [share of PV capacity of such type installed in Spain])
Note that commercial PV mix datasets provide electricity at high voltage, unlike residential PV mix datasets, which supply at low voltage only.
Geothermal
Heat production by means of a geothermal well are not represented in ecoinvent. The geothermal power plant construction inventories are from Maeder Bachelor Thesis.
The co-generation unit has been removed and replaced by heat exchanger and district heating pipes. Gross heat output of 1,483 TJ, with 80% efficiency.
The inventories can be consulted here: LCIgeothermal.
They introduce the following datasets (only heat production datasets shown):
Geothermal heat production
location
heat production, deep geothermal
RAS
heat production, deep geothermal
GLO
heat production, deep geothermal
RAF
heat production, deep geothermal
RME
heat production, deep geothermal
RLA
heat production, deep geothermal
RU
heat production, deep geothermal
CA
heat production, deep geothermal
JP
heat production, deep geothermal
US
heat production, deep geothermal
IN
heat production, deep geothermal
CN
heat production, deep geothermal
RER
Hydrogen
premise imports inventories for hydrogen production via the following pathways:
Steam Methane Reforming, using natural gas
Steam Methane Reforming, using natural gas, with Carbon Capture and Storage
Steam Methane Reforming, using bio-methane
Steam Methane Reforming, using bio-methane, with Carbon Capture and Storage
Auto Thermal Reforming, using natural gas
Auto Thermal Reforming, using natural gas, with Carbon Capture and Storage
Auto Thermal Reforming, using bio-methane
Auto Thermal Reforming, using bio-methane, with Carbon Capture and Storage
Woody biomass gasification, using a fluidized bed
Woody biomass gasification, using a fluidized bed, with Carbon Capture and Storage
Woody biomass gasification, using an entrained flow gasifier
Woody biomass gasification, using an entrained flow gasifier, with Carbon Capture and Storage
Coal gasification
Coal gasification, with Carbon Capture and Storage
Electrolysis
Thermochemical water splitting
Pyrolysis
Inventories using Steam Methane Reforming are from Antonini et al. 2021. They can be consulted here: LCI_SMR. Inventories using Auto Thermal Reforming are from Antonini et al. 2021. They can be consulted here: LCI_ATR. Inventories using Woody biomass gasification are from Antonini2 et al. 2021. They can be consulted here: LCI_woody. Inventories using coal gasification are from Wokaun et al. 2015, but updated with Li et al. 2022, which also provide an option with CCS. They can be consulted here: LCI_coal. Inventories using electrolysis are from Niklas Gerloff. 2021. They can be consulted here: LCI_electrolysis. Inventories for thermochemical water splitting are from Zhang2 et al. 2022. Inventories for pyrolysis are from Al-Qahtani et al. 2021, completed with data from Postels et al., 2016.
The new datasets introduced are listed in the table below (only production datasets are shown).
Hydrogen production
location
hydrogen production, steam methane reforming of natural gas, 25 bar
CH
hydrogen production, steam methane reforming of natural gas, with CCS (MDEA, 98% eff.), 25 bar
CH
hydrogen production, steam methane reforming, from biomethane, high and low temperature, with CCS (MDEA, 98% eff.), 26 bar
CH
hydrogen production, steam methane reforming, from biomethane, high and low temperature, 26 bar
CH
hydrogen production, auto-thermal reforming, from biomethane, 25 bar
CH
hydrogen production, auto-thermal reforming, from biomethane, with CCS (MDEA, 98% eff.), 25 bar
CH
hydrogen production, gaseous, 25 bar, from heatpipe reformer gasification of woody biomass with CCS, at gasification plant
CH
hydrogen production, gaseous, 25 bar, from heatpipe reformer gasification of woody biomass, at gasification plant
CH
hydrogen production, gaseous, 25 bar, from gasification of woody biomass in entrained flow gasifier, with CCS, at gasification plant
CH
hydrogen production, gaseous, 25 bar, from gasification of woody biomass in entrained flow gasifier, at gasification plant
CH
hydrogen production, gaseous, 30 bar, from hard coal gasification and reforming, at coal gasification plant
RER
hydrogen production, gaseous, 30 bar, from PEM electrolysis, from grid electricity
RER
hydrogen production, gaseous, 20 bar, from AEC electrolysis, from grid electricity
RER
hydrogen production, gaseous, 1 bar, from SOEC electrolysis, from grid electricity
RER
hydrogen production, gaseous, 1 bar, from SOEC electrolysis, with steam input, from grid electricity
RER
hydrogen production, gaseous, 25 bar, from thermochemical water splitting, at solar tower
RER
hydrogen production, gaseous, 100 bar, from methane pyrolysis
RER
Hydrogen storage and distribution
A number of datasets relating to hydrogen storage and distribution are also imported.
They are necessary to model the distribution of hydrogen:
via re-assigned transmission and distribution CNG pipelines, in a gaseous state
via dedicated transmission and distribution hydrogen pipelines, in a gaseous state
as a liquid organic compound, by hydrogenation
via truck, in a liquid state
hydrogen refuelling station
Small and large storage solutions are also provided: * high pressure hydrogen storage tank * geological storage tank
These datasets originate from the work of Wulf et al. 2018, and can be consulted here: LCI_H2_distr. For re-assigned CNG pipelines, which require the hydrogen to be mixed together with oxygen to limit metal embrittlement, some parameters are taken from the work of Cerniauskas et al. 2020.
The datasets introduced are listed in the table below.
Hydrogen distribution
location
hydrogen refuelling station
GLO
high pressure hydrogen storage tank
GLO
pipeline, hydrogen, low pressure distribution network
RER
compressor assembly for transmission hydrogen pipeline
RER
pipeline, hydrogen, high pressure transmission network
RER
zinc coating for hydrogen pipeline
RER
hydrogenation of hydrogen
RER
dehydrogenation of hydrogen
RER
dibenzyltoluene production
RER
solution mining for geological hydrogen storage
RER
geological hydrogen storage
RER
hydrogen embrittlement inhibition
RER
distribution pipeline for hydrogen, reassigned CNG pipeline
RER
transmission pipeline for hydrogen, reassigned CNG pipeline
RER
Hydrogen turbine
A dataset for a hydrogen turbine is also imported, to model the production of electricity from hydrogen, with an efficiency of 51%. The efficiency of the H2-fed gas turbine is based on the parameters of Ozawa et al. (2019), accessible here: LCI_H2_turbine.
Biofuels
Inventories for energy crops- and residues-based production of bioethanol and biodiesel are imported, and can be accessed here: LCI_biofuels. They include the farming of the crop, the conversion of the biomass to fuel, as well as its distribution. The conversion process often leads to the production of co-products (dried distiller’s grain, electricity, CO2, bagasse.). Hence, energy, economic and system expansion partitioning approaches are available. These inventories originate from several different sources (Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update), Cozzolino 2018, Pereira et al. 2019 and Gonzalez-Garcia et al. 2012), Cavalett & Cherubini 2022, as indicated in the table below.
The following datasets are introduced:
Activity
Location
Source
Farming and supply of switchgrass
US
Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update)
Farming and supply of poplar
US
Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update)
Farming and supply of willow
US
Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update)
Supply of forest residue
US
Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update)
Farming and supply of miscanthus
US
Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update)
Farming and supply of corn stover
US
Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update)
Farming and supply of sugarcane
US
Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update)
Farming and supply of Grain Sorghum
US
Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update)
Farming and supply of Sweet Sorghum
US
Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update)
Farming and supply of Forage Sorghum
US
Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update)
Farming and supply of corn
US
Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update)
Farming and supply of sugarcane
BR
Pereira et al. 2019/RED II
Farming and supply of sugarcane straw
BR
Pereira et al. 2019
Farming and supply of eucalyptus
ES
Gonzalez-Garcia et al. 2012
Farming and supply of wheat grains
RER
Cozzolino 2018
Farming and supply of wheat straw
RER
Cozzolino 2018
Farming and supply of corn
RER
Cozzolino 2018/RED II
Farming and supply of sugarbeet
RER
Cozzolino 2018
Supply of forest residue
RER
Cozzolino 2018
Supply and refining of waste cooking oil
RER
Cozzolino 2018
Farming and supply of rapeseed
RER
Cozzolino 2018/RED II
Farming and supply of palm fresh fruit bunch
RER
Cozzolino 2018
Farming and supply of dry algae
RER
Cozzolino 2018
Ethanol production, via fermentation, from switchgrass
US
Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update)
Ethanol production, via fermentation, from poplar
US
Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update)
Ethanol production, via fermentation, from willow
US
Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update)
Ethanol production, via fermentation, from forest residue
US
Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update)
Ethanol production, via fermentation, from miscanthus
US
Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update)
Ethanol production, via fermentation, from corn stover
US
Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update)
Ethanol production, via fermentation, from sugarcane
US
Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update)
Ethanol production, via fermentation, from grain sorghum
US
Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update)
Ethanol production, via fermentation, from sweet sorghum
US
Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update)
Ethanol production, via fermentation, from forage sorghum
US
Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update)
Ethanol production, via fermentation, from corn
US
Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update)
Ethanol production, via fermentation, from corn, with carbon capture
US
Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update)
Ethanol production, via fermentation, from sugarcane
BR
Pereira et al. 2019
Ethanol production, via fermentation, from sugarcane straw
BR
Pereira et al. 2019
Ethanol production, via fermentation, from eucalyptus
ES
Gonzalez-Garcia et al. 2012
Ethanol production, via fermentation, from wheat grains
RER
Cozzolino 2018
Ethanol production, via fermentation, from wheat straw
RER
Cozzolino 2018
Ethanol production, via fermentation, from corn starch
RER
Cozzolino 2018
Ethanol production, via fermentation, from sugarbeet
RER
Cozzolino 2018
Ethanol production, via fermentation, from forest residue
RER
Cozzolino 2018
Ethanol production, via fermentation, from forest residues
RER
Cavalett & Cherubini 2022
Ethanol production, via fermentation, from forest product (non-residual)
RER
Cavalett & Cherubini 2022
Biodiesel production, via transesterification, from used cooking oil
RER
Cozzolino 2018
Biodiesel production, via transesterification, from rapeseed oil
RER
Cozzolino 2018
Biodiesel production, via transesterification, from palm oil, energy allocation
RER
Cozzolino 2018
Biodiesel production, via transesterification, from algae, energy allocation
RER
Cozzolino 2018
Biodiesel production, via Fischer-Tropsch, from forest residues
RER
Cavalett & Cherubini 2022
Biodiesel production, via Fischer-Tropsch, from forest product (non-residual)
RER
Cavalett & Cherubini 2022
Kerosene production, via Fischer-Tropsch, from forest residues
RER
Cavalett & Cherubini 2022
Kerosene production, via Fischer-Tropsch, from forest product (non-residual)
RER
Cavalett & Cherubini 2022
Synthetic fuels
premise imports inventories for the synthesis of hydrocarbon fuels following two pathways:
Fischer-Tropsch: it uses hydrogen and CO (from CO2 via a reverse water gas shift process) to produce “syncrude”, which is distilled into diesel, kerosene, naphtha and lubricating oil and waxes. Inventories are from van der Giesen et al. 2014.
Methanol-to-liquids: methanol is synthesized from hydrogen and CO2, and further distilled into gasoline, diesel, LGP and kerosene. Synthetic methanol inventories are from Hank et al. 2019. The methanol to fuel process specifications are from FVV 2013.
Electro-chemical methanation: methane is produced from hydrogen and CO2 using a Sabatier methanation reactor. Inventories are from Zhang et al, 2019.
In their default configuration, these fuels use hydrogen from electrolysis and CO2 from direct air capture (DAC). However, premise builds different configurations (i.e., CO2 and hydrogen sources) for these fuels, for each IAM region:
Fuel production dataset
location
source
Diesel production, synthetic, from Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from coal gasification, at fuelling station
all IAM regions
van der Giesen et al. 2014
Diesel production, synthetic, from Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from coal gasification, with CCS, at fuelling station
all IAM regions
van der Giesen et al. 2014
Diesel production, synthetic, from Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from electrolysis, at fuelling station
all IAM regions
van der Giesen et al. 2014
Diesel production, synthetic, from Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from wood gasification, at fuelling station
all IAM regions
van der Giesen et al. 2014
Diesel production, synthetic, from Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from wood gasification, with CCS, at fuelling station
all IAM regions
van der Giesen et al. 2014
Diesel production, synthetic, from methanol, hydrogen from coal gasification, at fuelling station
all IAM regions
Hank et al, 2019
Diesel production, synthetic, from methanol, hydrogen from coal gasification, with CCS, at fuelling station
all IAM regions
Hank et al, 2019
Diesel production, synthetic, from methanol, hydrogen from electrolysis, CO2 from cement plant, at fuelling station
all IAM regions
Hank et al, 2019
Diesel production, synthetic, from methanol, hydrogen from electrolysis, CO2 from DAC, at fuelling station
all IAM regions
Hank et al, 2019
Gasoline production, synthetic, from methanol, hydrogen from coal gasification, at fuelling station
all IAM regions
Hank et al, 2019
Gasoline production, synthetic, from methanol, hydrogen from coal gasification, with CCS, at fuelling station
all IAM regions
Hank et al, 2019
Gasoline production, synthetic, from methanol, hydrogen from electrolysis, CO2 from cement plant, at fuelling station
all IAM regions
Hank et al, 2019
Gasoline production, synthetic, from methanol, hydrogen from electrolysis, CO2 from DAC, at fuelling station
all IAM regions
Hank et al, 2019
Kerosene production, from methanol, hydrogen from coal gasification
all IAM regions
Hank et al, 2019
Kerosene production, from methanol, hydrogen from electrolysis, CO2 from cement plant
all IAM regions
Hank et al, 2019
Kerosene production, from methanol, hydrogen from electrolysis, CO2 from DAC
all IAM regions
Hank et al, 2019
Kerosene production, synthetic, Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from coal gasification
all IAM regions
van der Giesen et al. 2014
Kerosene production, synthetic, Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from coal gasification, with CCS
all IAM regions
van der Giesen et al. 2014
Kerosene production, synthetic, Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from electrolysis
all IAM regions
van der Giesen et al. 2014
Kerosene production, synthetic, Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from wood gasification
all IAM regions
van der Giesen et al. 2014
Kerosene production, synthetic, Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from wood gasification, with CCS
all IAM regions
van der Giesen et al. 2014
Lubricating oil production, synthetic, Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from coal gasification
all IAM regions
van der Giesen et al. 2014
Lubricating oil production, synthetic, Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from electrolysis
all IAM regions
van der Giesen et al. 2014
Lubricating oil production, synthetic, Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from wood gasification
all IAM regions
van der Giesen et al. 2014
Lubricating oil production, synthetic, Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from wood gasification, with CCS
all IAM regions
van der Giesen et al. 2014
Methane, synthetic, gaseous, 5 bar, from coal-based hydrogen, at fuelling station
all IAM regions
Zhang et al, 2019
Methane, synthetic, gaseous, 5 bar, from electrochemical methanation (H2 from electrolysis, CO2 from DAC using heat pump heat), at fuelling station, using heat pump heat
all IAM regions
Zhang et al, 2019
Methane, synthetic, gaseous, 5 bar, from electrochemical methanation (H2 from electrolysis, CO2 from DAC using waste heat), at fuelling station, using waste heat
all IAM regions
Zhang et al, 2019
Methane, synthetic, gaseous, 5 bar, from electrochemical methanation, at fuelling station
all IAM regions
Zhang et al, 2019
Naphtha production, synthetic, Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from coal gasification
all IAM regions
van der Giesen et al. 2014
Naphtha production, synthetic, Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from electrolysis
all IAM regions
van der Giesen et al. 2014
Naphtha production, synthetic, Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from wood gasification
all IAM regions
van der Giesen et al. 2014
Naphtha production, synthetic, Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from wood gasification, with CCS
all IAM regions
van der Giesen et al. 2014
Liquefied petroleum gas production, synthetic, from methanol, hydrogen from electrolysis, CO2 from DAC, at fuelling station
all IAM regions
Hank et al, 2019
In the case of wood and coal gasification-based fuels, the CO2 needed to produce methanol or syncrude originates from the gasification process itself. This also implies that in the methanol and/or RWGS process, a carbon balance correction is applied to reflect the fact that a part of the CO2 from the gasification process is redirected into the fuel production process.
If the CO2 originates from:
a gasification process without CCS, a negative carbon correction is added to
reflect the fact that part of the CO2 has not been emitted but has ended in the fuel instead. * the gasification process with CCS, no carbon correction is necessary, because the CO2 is stored in the fuel instead of being stored underground, which from a carbon accounting standpoint is similar.
Carbon Capture
Two sets of inventories for Direct Air Capture (DAC) are available in premise. One for a solvent-based system, and one for a sorbent-based system. The inventories were developed by Qiu and are available in the LCI_DAC spreadsheet. For each, a variant including the subsequent compression, transport and storage of the captured CO2 is also available.
They can be consulted here: LCI_DAC.
Additional, two datasets for carbon capture at point sources are available: one at cement plant from Meunier et al, 2020, and another one at municipal solid waste incineration plant (MSWI) from Bisinella et al, 2021.
They introduce the following datasets:
Activity
Location
carbon dioxide, captured from atmosphere, with a sorbent-based direct air capture system, 100ktCO2
RER
carbon dioxide, captured from atmosphere and stored, with a sorbent-based direct air capture system, 100ktCO2
RER
carbon dioxide, captured from atmosphere, with a solvent-based direct air capture system, 1MtCO2
RER
carbon dioxide, captured from atmosphere and stored, with a solvent-based direct air capture system, 1MtCO2
RER
carbon dioxide, captured at municipal solid waste incineration plant, for subsequent reuse
RER
carbon dioxide, captured at cement production plant, for subsequent reuse
RER
Using the transformation function update(“dac”), premise creates various configurations of these processes, using different sources for heat (industrial steam heat, high-temp heat pump heat and excess heat), which are found under the following names, for each IAM region:
name
location
carbon dioxide, captured from atmosphere, with a solvent-based direct air capture system, 1MtCO2, with industrial steam heat, and grid electricity
all IAM regions
carbon dioxide, captured from atmosphere, with a solvent-based direct air capture system, 1MtCO2, with heat pump heat, and grid electricity
all IAM regions
carbon dioxide, captured from atmosphere, with a sorbent-based direct air capture system, 100ktCO2, with waste heat, and grid electricity
all IAM regions
carbon dioxide, captured from atmosphere, with a sorbent-based direct air capture system, 100ktCO2, with industrial steam heat, and grid electricity
all IAM regions
carbon dioxide, captured from atmosphere, with a sorbent-based direct air capture system, 100ktCO2, with heat pump heat, and grid electricity
all IAM regions
Note that only solid sorbent DAC can use waste heat, as the heat requirement for liquid solvent DAC is too high (~900 C)
Li-ion batteries
When using ecoinvent 3.8 as a database, premise imports new inventories for lithium-ion batteries. NMC-111, NMC-6222 NMC-811 and NCA Lithium-ion battery inventories are originally from Dai et al. 2019. They have been adapted to ecoinvent by Crenna et al, 2021. LFP and LTO Lithium-ion battery inventories are from Schmidt et al. 2019. Li-S battery inventories are from Wickerts et al. 2023. Li-O2 battery inventories are from Wang et al. 2020. Finally, SIB battery inventories are from Zhang22 et al. 2024.
They introduce the following datasets:
Battery components
location
source
battery management system production, for Li-ion battery
GLO
Schmidt et al. 2019
battery cell production, Li-ion, NMC111
GLO
Dai et al. 2019, Crenna et al. 2021
battery cell production, Li-ion, NMC622
GLO
Dai et al. 2019, Crenna et al. 2021
battery cell production, Li-ion, NMC811
GLO
Dai et al. 2019, Crenna et al. 2021
battery cell production, Li-ion, NCA
GLO
Dai et al. 2019, Crenna et al. 2021
battery cell production, Li-ion, LFP
GLO
Schmidt et al. 2019
battery cell production, Li-ion, LTO
GLO
Schmidt et al. 2019
battery cell production, Li-S
GLO
Wickerts et al. (2023)
battery cell production, Li-O2
GLO
Wang et al. (2020)
battery cell production, SIB
GLO
Zhang et al. (2024)
These battery inventories are mostly used by battery electric vehicles, stationary energy storage systems, etc. (also imported by premise).
NMC-111, NMC-811, LFP and NCA inventories can be found here: LCI_batteries1. NMC-622 and LTO inventories can be found here: LCI_batteries2. Li-S inventories can be found here: LCI_batteries3. Li-O2 inventories can be found here: LCI_batteries4. And SIB inventories can be found here: LCI_batteries5.
When using ecoinvent 3.9 and above, the NMC-111, NMC-811, LFP and NCA battery inventories are not imported (as are already present the ecoinvent database).
Graphite
premise includes new inventories for:
natural graphite, from Engels et al. 2022,
synthetic graphite, from Surovtseva et al. 2022,
forming a new market for graphite, with the following datasets:
Activity
Location
market for graphite, battery grade
1.0
graphite, natural
CN
0.8
graphite, synthetic
CN
0.2
to represent a 80:20 split between natural and synthetic graphite, according to Surovtseva et al, 2022.
These inventories can be found here: LCI_graphite.
Cobalt
New inventories of cobalt are added, from the work of Dai, Kelly and Elgowainy, 2018. They are available under the following datasets:
Activity |
Location |
---|---|
cobalt sulfate production, from copper mining, economic allocation |
CN |
cobalt sulfate production, from copper mining, energy allocation |
CN |
cobalt metal production, from copper mining, via electrolysis, economic allocation |
CN |
cobalt metal production, from copper mining, via electrolysis, energy allocation |
CN |
We recommend using those rather than the original ecoinvent inventories for cobalt, provided by the Cobalt Development Institute (CDI) since ecoinvent 3.7, which seem to lack transparency.
These inventories can be found here: LCI_cobalt.
Lithium
New inventories for lithium extraction are also added, from the work of Schenker et al., 2022. They cover lithium extraction from five different locations in Chile, Argentina and China. They are available under the following datasets for battery production:
Activity |
Location |
---|---|
market for lithium carbonate, battery grade |
GLO |
market for lithium hydroxide, battery grade |
GLO |
These inventories can be found here: LCI_lithium.
Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
premise imports inventories for the production of a vanadium redox flow battery, used for grid-balancing, from the work of Weber et al. 2021. It is available under the following dataset:
vanadium-redox flow battery system assembly, 8.3 megawatt hour
The dataset providing electricity is the following:
electricity supply, high voltage, from vanadium-redox flow battery system
The power capacity for this application is 1MW and the net storage capacity 6 MWh. The net capacity considers the internal inefficiencies of the batteries and the min Sate-of-Charge, requiring a certain oversizing of the batteries. For providing net 6 MWh, a nominal capacity of 8.3 MWh is required for the VRFB with the assumed operation parameters. The assumed lifetime of the stack is 10 years. The lifetime of the system is 20 years or 8176 cycle-life (49,000 MWh).
These inventories can be found here: LCI_vanadium_redox_flow_batteries.
This publication also provides LCIs for Vanadium mining and refining from iron ore. The end product is vanadium pentoxide, which is available under the following dataset:
vanadium pentoxide production
These inventories can be found here: LCI_vanadium.
Road vehicles
premise imports inventories for different types of on-road vehicles.
Two-wheelers
The following datasets for two-wheelers are imported. Inventories are from Sacchi et al. 2022. The vehicles are available for different years and emission standards. premise will only import vehicles which production year is equal or inferior to the scenario year considered. The inventories can be consulted here: LCItwowheelers.
Two-wheeler datasets
location
transport, Kick Scooter, electric, <1kW
all IAM regions
transport, Bicycle, conventional, urban
all IAM regions
transport, Bicycle, electric (<25 km/h)
all IAM regions
transport, Bicycle, electric (<45 km/h)
all IAM regions
transport, Bicycle, electric, cargo bike
all IAM regions
transport, Moped, gasoline, <4kW, EURO-3
all IAM regions
transport, Moped, gasoline, <4kW, EURO-4
all IAM regions
transport, Moped, gasoline, <4kW, EURO-5
all IAM regions
transport, Scooter, gasoline, <4kW, EURO-3
all IAM regions
transport, Scooter, gasoline, <4kW, EURO-4
all IAM regions
transport, Scooter, gasoline, <4kW, EURO-5
all IAM regions
transport, Scooter, gasoline, 4-11kW, EURO-3
all IAM regions
transport, Scooter, gasoline, 4-11kW, EURO-4
all IAM regions
transport, Scooter, gasoline, 4-11kW, EURO-5
all IAM regions
transport, Scooter, electric, <4kW
all IAM regions
transport, Scooter, electric, 4-11kW
all IAM regions
transport, Motorbike, gasoline, 4-11kW, EURO-3
all IAM regions
transport, Motorbike, gasoline, 4-11kW, EURO-4
all IAM regions
transport, Motorbike, gasoline, 4-11kW, EURO-5
all IAM regions
transport, Motorbike, gasoline, 11-35kW, EURO-3
all IAM regions
transport, Motorbike, gasoline, 11-35kW, EURO-4
all IAM regions
transport, Motorbike, gasoline, 11-35kW, EURO-5
all IAM regions
transport, Motorbike, gasoline, >35kW, EURO-3
all IAM regions
transport, Motorbike, gasoline, >35kW, EURO-4
all IAM regions
transport, Motorbike, gasoline, >35kW, EURO-5
all IAM regions
transport, Motorbike, electric, <4kW
all IAM regions
transport, Motorbike, electric, 4-11kW
all IAM regions
transport, Motorbike, electric, 11-35kW
all IAM regions
transport, Motorbike, electric, >35kW
all IAM regions
These inventories do not supply inputs to other activities in the LCI database. As such, they are optional.
Passenger cars
The following datasets for passenger cars are imported.
Passenger car datasets
location
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Large, EURO-2
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Large, EURO-3
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Large, EURO-4
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Large, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Large, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Large, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Large, EURO-2
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Large, EURO-3
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Large, EURO-4
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Large, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Large, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Large, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Large, EURO-2
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Large, EURO-3
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Large, EURO-4
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Large, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Large, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Large, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Large, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Large, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Large, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Large, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Large, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Large, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, fuel cell electric, Large
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, battery electric, NMC-622 battery, Large
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Large, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Large, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Large, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Large, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Large, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Large, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Large SUV, EURO-2
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Large SUV, EURO-3
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Large SUV, EURO-4
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Large SUV, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Large SUV, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Large SUV, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Large SUV, EURO-2
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Large SUV, EURO-3
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Large SUV, EURO-4
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Large SUV, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Large SUV, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Large SUV, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Large SUV, EURO-2
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Large SUV, EURO-3
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Large SUV, EURO-4
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Large SUV, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Large SUV, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Large SUV, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Large SUV, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Large SUV, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Large SUV, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Large SUV, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Large SUV, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Large SUV, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, fuel cell electric, Large SUV
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, battery electric, NMC-622 battery, Large SUV
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Large SUV, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Large SUV, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Large SUV, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Large SUV, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Large SUV, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Large SUV, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Lower medium, EURO-2
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Lower medium, EURO-3
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Lower medium, EURO-4
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Lower medium, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Lower medium, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Lower medium, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Lower medium, EURO-2
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Lower medium, EURO-3
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Lower medium, EURO-4
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Lower medium, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Lower medium, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Lower medium, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Lower medium, EURO-2
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Lower medium, EURO-3
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Lower medium, EURO-4
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Lower medium, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Lower medium, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Lower medium, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Lower medium, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Lower medium, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Lower medium, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Lower medium, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Lower medium, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Lower medium, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, fuel cell electric, Lower medium
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, battery electric, NMC-622 battery, Lower medium
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Lower medium, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Lower medium, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Lower medium, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Lower medium, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Lower medium, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Lower medium, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Medium, EURO-2
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Medium, EURO-3
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Medium, EURO-4
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Medium, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Medium, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Medium, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Medium, EURO-2
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Medium, EURO-3
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Medium, EURO-4
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Medium, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Medium, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Medium, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Medium, EURO-2
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Medium, EURO-3
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Medium, EURO-4
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Medium, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Medium, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Medium, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Medium, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Medium, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Medium, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Medium, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Medium, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Medium, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, fuel cell electric, Medium
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, battery electric, NMC-622 battery, Medium
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Medium, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Medium, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Medium, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Medium, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Medium, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Medium, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Medium SUV, EURO-2
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Medium SUV, EURO-3
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Medium SUV, EURO-4
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Medium SUV, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Medium SUV, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Medium SUV, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Medium SUV, EURO-2
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Medium SUV, EURO-3
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Medium SUV, EURO-4
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Medium SUV, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Medium SUV, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Medium SUV, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Medium SUV, EURO-2
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Medium SUV, EURO-3
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Medium SUV, EURO-4
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Medium SUV, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Medium SUV, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Medium SUV, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Medium SUV, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Medium SUV, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Medium SUV, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Medium SUV, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Medium SUV, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Medium SUV, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, fuel cell electric, Medium SUV
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, battery electric, NMC-622 battery, Medium SUV
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Medium SUV, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Medium SUV, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Medium SUV, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Medium SUV, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Medium SUV, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Medium SUV, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, battery electric, NMC-622 battery, Micro
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Mini, EURO-2
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Mini, EURO-3
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Mini, EURO-4
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Mini, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Mini, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Mini, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Mini, EURO-2
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Mini, EURO-3
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Mini, EURO-4
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Mini, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Mini, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Mini, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Mini, EURO-2
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Mini, EURO-3
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Mini, EURO-4
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Mini, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Mini, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Mini, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Mini, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Mini, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Mini, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Mini, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Mini, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Mini, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, fuel cell electric, Mini
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, battery electric, NMC-622 battery, Mini
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Mini, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Mini, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Mini, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Mini, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Mini, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Mini, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Small, EURO-2
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Small, EURO-3
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Small, EURO-4
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Small, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Small, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Small, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Small, EURO-2
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Small, EURO-3
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Small, EURO-4
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Small, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Small, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Small, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Small, EURO-2
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Small, EURO-3
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Small, EURO-4
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Small, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Small, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Small, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Small, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Small, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Small, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Small, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Small, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Small, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, fuel cell electric, Small
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, battery electric, NMC-622 battery, Small
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Small, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Small, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Small, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Small, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Small, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Small, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Van, EURO-2
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Van, EURO-3
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Van, EURO-4
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Van, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Van, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline, Van, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Van, EURO-2
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Van, EURO-3
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Van, EURO-4
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Van, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Van, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel, Van, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Van, EURO-2
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Van, EURO-3
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Van, EURO-4
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Van, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Van, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Van, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Van, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Van, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Van, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Van, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Van, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Van, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, fuel cell electric, Van
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, battery electric, NMC-622 battery, Van
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Van, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Van, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Van, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Van, EURO-6ab
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Van, EURO-6d-TEMP
all IAM regions
transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Van, EURO-6d
all IAM regions
Inventories are from Sacchi2 et al. 2022. The vehicles are available for different years and emission standards and for each IAM region. premise will only import vehicles which production year is equal or inferior to the scenario year considered. premise will create fleet average vehicles during the Transport transformation for each IAM region. The inventories can be consulted here: LCIpasscars.
At the moment. these inventories do not supply inputs to other activities in the LCI database. As such, they are optional.
Medium and heavy duty trucks
The following datasets for medium and heavy-duty trucks are imported.
Truck datasets
location
transport, freight, lorry, battery electric, NMC-622 battery, 3.5t gross weight
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, fuel cell electric, 3.5t gross weight
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, diesel hybrid, 3.5t gross weight, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 3.5t gross weight, EURO-III
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 3.5t gross weight, EURO-IV
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 3.5t gross weight, EURO-V
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 3.5t gross weight, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 3.5t gross weight, EURO-III
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 3.5t gross weight, EURO-IV
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 3.5t gross weight, EURO-V
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 3.5t gross weight, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, plugin diesel hybrid, 3.5t gross weight, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, battery electric, NMC-622 battery, 7.5t gross weight
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, fuel cell electric, 7.5t gross weight
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, diesel hybrid, 7.5t gross weight, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 7.5t gross weight, EURO-III
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 7.5t gross weight, EURO-IV
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 7.5t gross weight, EURO-V
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 7.5t gross weight, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 7.5t gross weight, EURO-III
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 7.5t gross weight, EURO-IV
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 7.5t gross weight, EURO-V
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 7.5t gross weight, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, plugin diesel hybrid, 7.5t gross weight, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, battery electric, NMC-622 battery, 18t gross weight
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, fuel cell electric, 18t gross weight
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, diesel hybrid, 18t gross weight, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 18t gross weight, EURO-III
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 18t gross weight, EURO-IV
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 18t gross weight, EURO-V
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 18t gross weight, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 18t gross weight, EURO-III
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 18t gross weight, EURO-IV
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 18t gross weight, EURO-V
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 18t gross weight, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, plugin diesel hybrid, 18t gross weight, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, battery electric, NMC-622 battery, 26t gross weight
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, fuel cell electric, 26t gross weight
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, diesel hybrid, 26t gross weight, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 26t gross weight, EURO-III
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 26t gross weight, EURO-IV
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 26t gross weight, EURO-V
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 26t gross weight, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 26t gross weight, EURO-III
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 26t gross weight, EURO-IV
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 26t gross weight, EURO-V
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 26t gross weight, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, plugin diesel hybrid, 26t gross weight, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, battery electric, NMC-622 battery, 32t gross weight
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, fuel cell electric, 32t gross weight
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, diesel hybrid, 32t gross weight, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 32t gross weight, EURO-III
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 32t gross weight, EURO-IV
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 32t gross weight, EURO-V
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 32t gross weight, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 32t gross weight, EURO-III
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 32t gross weight, EURO-IV
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 32t gross weight, EURO-V
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 32t gross weight, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, plugin diesel hybrid, 32t gross weight, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, battery electric, NMC-622 battery, 40t gross weight
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, fuel cell electric, 40t gross weight
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, diesel hybrid, 40t gross weight, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 40t gross weight, EURO-III
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 40t gross weight, EURO-IV
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 40t gross weight, EURO-V
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 40t gross weight, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 40t gross weight, EURO-III
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 40t gross weight, EURO-IV
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 40t gross weight, EURO-V
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 40t gross weight, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, freight, lorry, plugin diesel hybrid, 40t gross weight, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
Inventories are from Sacchi3 et al. 2021. The vehicles are available for different years and emission standards and for each IAM region. premise will only import vehicles which production year is equal or inferior to the scenario year considered. premise will create fleet average vehicles during the Transport transformation for each IAM region. The inventories can be consulted here: LCItrucks.
Buses
The following datasets for city and coach buses are imported.
transport, passenger bus, battery electric - overnight charging, NMC-622 battery, 9m midibus
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, battery electric - opportunity charging, LTO battery, 9m midibus
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, fuel cell electric, 9m midibus
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, diesel hybrid, 9m midibus, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, diesel, 9m midibus, EURO-III
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, diesel, 9m midibus, EURO-IV
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, diesel, 9m midibus, EURO-V
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, diesel, 9m midibus, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 9m midibus, EURO-III
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 9m midibus, EURO-IV
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 9m midibus, EURO-V
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 9m midibus, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, battery electric - overnight charging, NMC-622 battery, 13m single deck urban bus
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, battery electric - battery-equipped trolleybus, LTO battery, 13m single deck urban bus
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, battery electric - opportunity charging, LTO battery, 13m single deck urban bus
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, fuel cell electric, 13m single deck urban bus
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, diesel hybrid, 13m single deck urban bus, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, diesel, 13m single deck urban bus, EURO-III
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, diesel, 13m single deck urban bus, EURO-IV
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, diesel, 13m single deck urban bus, EURO-V
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, diesel, 13m single deck urban bus, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 13m single deck urban bus, EURO-III
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 13m single deck urban bus, EURO-IV
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 13m single deck urban bus, EURO-V
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 13m single deck urban bus, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, fuel cell electric, 13m single deck coach bus
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, diesel hybrid, 13m single deck coach bus, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, diesel, 13m single deck coach bus, EURO-III
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, diesel, 13m single deck coach bus, EURO-IV
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, diesel, 13m single deck coach bus, EURO-V
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, diesel, 13m single deck coach bus, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 13m single deck coach bus, EURO-III
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 13m single deck coach bus, EURO-IV
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 13m single deck coach bus, EURO-V
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 13m single deck coach bus, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, battery electric - overnight charging, NMC-622 battery, 13m double deck urban bus
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, battery electric - opportunity charging, LTO battery, 13m double deck urban bus
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, fuel cell electric, 13m double deck urban bus
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, diesel hybrid, 13m double deck urban bus, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, diesel, 13m double deck urban bus, EURO-III
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, diesel, 13m double deck urban bus, EURO-IV
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, diesel, 13m double deck urban bus, EURO-V
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, diesel, 13m double deck urban bus, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 13m double deck urban bus, EURO-III
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 13m double deck urban bus, EURO-IV
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 13m double deck urban bus, EURO-V
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 13m double deck urban bus, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, fuel cell electric, 13m double deck coach bus
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, diesel hybrid, 13m double deck coach bus, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, diesel, 13m double deck coach bus, EURO-III
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, diesel, 13m double deck coach bus, EURO-IV
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, diesel, 13m double deck coach bus, EURO-V
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, diesel, 13m double deck coach bus, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 13m double deck coach bus, EURO-III
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 13m double deck coach bus, EURO-IV
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 13m double deck coach bus, EURO-V
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 13m double deck coach bus, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, battery electric - overnight charging, NMC-622 battery, 18m articulated urban bus
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, battery electric - battery-equipped trolleybus, LTO battery, 18m articulated urban bus
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, battery electric - opportunity charging, LTO battery, 18m articulated urban bus
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, fuel cell electric, 18m articulated urban bus
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, diesel hybrid, 18m articulated urban bus, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, diesel, 18m articulated urban bus, EURO-III
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, diesel, 18m articulated urban bus, EURO-IV
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, diesel, 18m articulated urban bus, EURO-V
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, diesel, 18m articulated urban bus, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 18m articulated urban bus, EURO-III
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 18m articulated urban bus, EURO-IV
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 18m articulated urban bus, EURO-V
all IAM regions
transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 18m articulated urban bus, EURO-VI
all IAM regions
Inventories are from Sacchi et al. 2021. The vehicles are available for different years and emission standards and for each IAM region. premise will only import vehicles which production year is equal or inferior to the scenario year considered. premise will create fleet average vehicles during the Transport transformation for each IAM region. The inventories can be consulted here: LCIbuses.
At the moment. these inventories do not supply inputs to other activities in the LCI database. As such, they are optional.
Migration between ecoinvent versions
Because the additional inventories that are imported may be composed of exchanges meant to link with an ecoinvent version different than what the user specifies to premise upon the database creation, it is necessary to be able to “translate” the imported inventories so that they correctly link to any ecoinvent version premise is compatible with.
Therefore, premise has a migration map that is used to convert certain exchanges to be compatible with a given ecoinvent version.
This migration map is provided here: migrationmap.
IAM data collection
After extracting the ecoinvent database and additional inventories, premise instantiates the class IAMDataCollection, which collects all sorts of data from the IAM output file and store it into multi-dimensional arrays.
Production volumes
Production volumes for different commodities are collected, for the year and scenario specified by the user. Production volumes are used to build regional markets. For example, for the global market, the volume-based shares of each region are used to reflect their respective supply importance. Another example is for building electricity markets: the respective production volumes of each electricity-producing technology is used to determine the gross supply mix of the market.
The table below shows a non-exhaustive list of correspondences between premise, REMIND, IMAGE and LCI terminology, regarding electricity producing technologies. premise production volumes given for secondary energy carriers for electricity. The mapping file is available in the library root folder: mappingElec_.
name in premise
name in REMIND
name in IMAGE
name in LCI database (only first of several shown)
Biomass CHP
SE|Electricity|Biomass|CHP|w/o CCS
Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS|3
heat and power co-generation, wood chips
Biomass CHP CCS
Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS|2
electricity production, at co-generation power plant/wood, post, pipeline 200km, storage 1000m
Biomass ST
Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS|1
electricity production, at wood burning power plant 20 MW, truck 25km, no CCS
Biomass IGCC CCS
SE|Electricity|Biomass|IGCCC|w/ CCS
Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS|1
electricity production, from CC plant, 100% SNG, truck 25km, post, pipeline 200km, storage 1000m
Biomass IGCC
SE|Electricity|Biomass|IGCC|w/o CCS
Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS|2
electricity production, at BIGCC power plant 450MW, no CCS
Coal PC
SE|Electricity|Coal|PC|w/o CCS
Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS|1
electricity production, hard coal
Coal IGCC
SE|Electricity|Coal|IGCC|w/o CCS
Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS|2
electricity production, at power plant/hard coal, IGCC, no CCS
Coal PC CCS
SE|Electricity|Coal|PCC|w/ CCS
electricity production, at power plant/hard coal, post, pipeline 200km, storage 1000m
Coal IGCC CCS
SE|Electricity|Coal|IGCCC|w/ CCS
Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|w/ CCS|1
electricity production, at power plant/hard coal, pre, pipeline 200km, storage 1000m
Coal CHP
SE|Electricity|Coal|CHP|w/o CCS
Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS|3
heat and power co-generation, hard coal
Coal CHP CCS
Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|w/ CCS|2
electricity production, at co-generation power plant/hard coal, oxy, pipeline
Gas OC
SE|Electricity|Gas|GT
Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS|1
electricity production, natural gas, conventional power plant
Gas CC
SE|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/o CCS
Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS|2
electricity production, natural gas, combined cycle power plant
Gas CHP
SE|Electricity|Gas|CHP|w/o CCS
Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS|3
heat and power co-generation, natural gas, combined cycle power plant, 400MW electrical
Gas CHP CCS
Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS|2
electricity production, at co-generation power plant/natural gas, post, pipeline
Gas CC CCS
SE|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS
Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS|1
electricity production, at power plant/natural gas, pre, pipeline
Geothermal
SE|Electricity|Geothermal
Secondary Energy|Electricity|Other
electricity production, deep geothermal
Hydro
SE|Electricity|Hydro
Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydro
electricity production, hydro, reservoir
Nuclear
SE|Electricity|Nuclear
Secondary Energy|Electricity|Nuclear
electricity production, nuclear
Oil ST
SE|Electricity|Oil|w/o CCS
Secondary Energy|Electricity|Oil|w/o CCS|1
electricity production, oil
Oil CC
Secondary Energy|Electricity|Oil|w/o CCS|2
electricity production, oil
Oil CC CCS
Secondary Energy|Electricity|Oil|w/ CCS|1
electricity production, at co-generation power plant/oil, post, pipeline 200km, storage 1000m
Oil CHP
Secondary Energy|Electricity|Oil|w/o CCS|3
heat and power co-generation, oil
Oil CHP CCS
Secondary Energy|Electricity|Oil|w/ CCS|2
electricity production, at co-generation power plant/oil, post, pipeline 200km, storage 1000m
Solar CSP
SE|Electricity|Solar|CSP
Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar|CSP
electricity production, solar thermal parabolic trough, 50 MW
Solar PV Centralized
SE|Electricity|Solar|PV
Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar|PV|1
electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial
Solar PV Residential
Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar|PV|2
electricity production, photovoltaic, residential
Wind Onshore
SE|Electricity|Wind|Onshore
Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|1
electricity production, wind, <1MW turbine, onshore
Wind Offshore
SE|Electricity|Wind|Offshore
Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|2
electricity production, wind, 1-3MW turbine, offshore
Note
IAMs do not necessarily display the same variety of technologies. For example, REMIND does not provide a variable for residential PV production while IMAGE does.
Note
Because of a lack of more diverse inventories, wind power is only represented with relatively small installations (< 1MW, 1-3 MW and >3 MW), in respect to today’s standard. This can lead to overestimate the associated environmental burden.
The table below shows the correspondence between premise, REMIND, IMAGE and LCI terminology, regarding steel and cement producing technologies. The mapping files are available in the library root folder: mappingCement and mappingSteel.
name in premise
name in REMIND
name in IMAGE
name in LCI database
cement
Production|Industry|Cement
Production|Cement
cement production, Portland
steel - primary
Production|Industry|Steel|Primary
Production|Steel|Primary
steel production, converter
steel - secondary
Production|Industry|Steel|Secondary
Production|Steel|Secondary
steel production, electric
The table below shows the correspondence between premise, REMIND, IMAGE and LCI terminology, regarding fuel producing technologies. The mapping file is available in the library root folder: mappingFuels.
Warning
Some fuel types are not properly represented in the LCI database. Available inventories for biomass-based methanol production do not differentiate between wood and grass as the feedstock.
Note
Modelling choice: premise builds several potential supply chains for hydrogen. Because the logistics to supply hydrogen in the future is not known or indicated by the IAM, the choice is made to supply it by truck over 500 km, in a gaseous state.
The production volumes considered for a given scenario can be consulted, like so:
ndb.scenarios[0]["iam data"].production_volumes
To have an updated overview of the mapping concenring all sectors, refer to this file: mapping.
Efficiencies
The efficiency of the different technologies producing commodities (e.g., electricity, steel, cement, fuel) is modelled to change over time by the IAM. premise stores the relative change in efficiency of such technologies.
The table below shows the correspondence between premise, REMIND, IMAGE, regarding efficiency variables for electricity producing technologies. The mapping file is available in the library root folder: mappingElec_.
name in premise
name in REMIND
name in IMAGE
Biomass CHP
Tech|Electricity|Biomass|CHP|w/o CCS|Efficiency
Efficiency|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS|3
Biomass CHP CCS
Efficiency|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS|2
Biomass ST
Efficiency|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS|1
Biomass IGCC CCS
Tech|Electricity|Biomass|IGCCC|w/ CCS|Efficiency
Efficiency|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS|1
Biomass IGCC
Tech|Electricity|Biomass|IGCC|w/o CCS|Efficiency
Efficiency|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS|2
Coal PC
Tech|Electricity|Coal|PC|w/o CCS|Efficiency
Efficiency|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS|1
Coal IGCC
Tech|Electricity|Coal|IGCC|w/o CCS|Efficiency
Efficiency|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS|2
Coal PC CCS
Tech|Electricity|Coal|PCC|w/ CCS|Efficiency
Coal IGCC CCS
Tech|Electricity|Coal|IGCCC|w/ CCS|Efficiency
Efficiency|Electricity|Coal|w/ CCS|1
Coal CHP
Tech|Electricity|Coal|CHP|w/o CCS|Efficiency
Efficiency|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS|3
Coal CHP CCS
Efficiency|Electricity|Coal|w/ CCS|2
Gas OC
Tech|Electricity|Gas|GT|Efficiency
Efficiency|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS|1
Gas CC
Tech|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/o CCS|Efficiency
Efficiency|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS|2
Gas CHP
Tech|Electricity|Gas|CHP|w/o CCS|Efficiency
Efficiency|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS|3
Gas CHP CCS
Efficiency|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS|2
Gas CC CCS
Tech|Electricity|Gas|CCC|w/ CCS|Efficiency
Efficiency|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS|1
Nuclear
Efficiency|Electricity|Nuclear
Oil ST
Tech|Electricity|Oil|DOT|Efficiency
Efficiency|Electricity|Oil|w/o CCS|1
Oil CC
Efficiency|Electricity|Oil|w/o CCS|2
Oil CC CCS
Efficiency|Electricity|Oil|w/ CCS|1
Oil CHP
Efficiency|Electricity|Oil|w/o CCS|3
Oil CHP CCS
Efficiency|Electricity|Oil|w/ CCS|2
The table below shows the correspondence between premise, REMIND, IMAGE, regarding efficiency variables for cement and steel producing technologies. For cement and steel, it is different, as premise derives efficiencies by dividing the the final energy demand by the production volume (to obtain GJ/t steel or cement). This is because efficiency variables for cement and steel is not always given as such. The mapping files are available in the library root folder: mappingCement and mappingSteel.
name in premise
name in REMIND
name in IMAGE
cement
Final Energy|Industry|Cement
FE|Industry|Cement
steel - primary
Final Energy|Industry|Steel
FE|Industry|Steel|Primary
steel - secondary
Final Energy|Industry|Steel|Electricity
FE|Industry|Steel|Secondary
The table below shows the correspondence between premise, REMIND, IMAGE, regarding efficiency variables for fuels producing technologies. The mapping file is available in the library root folder: mappingFuels.
name in premise
name in REMIND
name in IMAGE
biomethane
Tech|Gases|Biomass|w/o CCS|Efficiency
diesel
Tech|Liquids|Oil|Efficiency
gasoline
Tech|Liquids|Oil|Efficiency
diesel, synthetic, wood
Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|FT Diesel|Woody|w/o CCS
diesel, synthetic, wood, with CCS
Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|FT Diesel|Woody|w/ CCS
diesel, synthetic, grass
Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|FT Diesel|Woody|w/o CCS
diesel, synthetic, grass, with CCS
Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|FT Diesel|Woody|w/ CCS
biodiesel, oil
Tech|Liquids|Biomass|Biofuel|Biodiesel|w/o CCS|Efficiency
Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|Biodiesel|Oilcrops|w/o CCS
biodiesel, oil, with CCS
Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|Biodiesel|Oilcrops|w/ CCS
bioethanol, wood
Tech|Liquids|Biomass|Biofuel|Ethanol|Cellulosic|w/o CCS|Efficiency
Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|Ethanol|Woody|w/o CCS
bioethanol, wood, with CCS
Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|Ethanol|Woody|w/ CCS
bioethanol, grass
Tech|Liquids|Biomass|Biofuel|Ethanol|Cellulosic|w/o CCS|Efficiency
Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|Ethanol|Grassy|w/o CCS
bioethanol, grass, with CCS
Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|Ethanol|Grassy|w/ CCS
bioethanol, grain
Tech|Liquids|Biomass|Biofuel|Ethanol|Conventional|w/o CCS|Efficiency
Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|Ethanol|Maize|w/o CCS
bioethanol, grain, with CCS
Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|Ethanol|Maize|w/ CCS
bioethanol, sugar
Tech|Liquids|Biomass|Biofuel|Ethanol|Conventional|w/o CCS|Efficiency
Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|Ethanol|Sugar|w/o CCS
bioethanol, sugar, with CCS
Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|Ethanol|Sugar|w/ CCS
methanol, wood
Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|Methanol|Woody|w/o CCS
methanol, grass
Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|Methanol|Grassy|w/o CCS
methanol, wood, with CCS
Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|Methanol|Woody|w/ CCS
methanol, grass, with CCS
Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|Methanol|Grassy|w/ CCS
premise stores the change in efficiency (called scaling factor) of a given technology relative to 2020. This is based on the fact that the efficiency of ecoinvent datasets are believed to reflect current (2020) efficiency.
Note
If a technology, in a given region, is given a scaling factor of 1.2 in 2030, this means that the corresponding ecoinvent dataset is adjusted so that its efficiency is improved by 20% (by multiplying the dataset inputs by 1/1.2). In other words, premise does not use the efficiency given by the IAM, but rather its change over time relative to 2020.
The scaling factors considered for a given scenario can be consulted, like so:
ndb.scenarios[0]["iam data"].efficiency
Land use and land use change
When building prospective databases using the IAM IMAGE model, the latter provides additional variables relating to average land use and land use change emissions, for each type of crop grown to be used in biofuel production. Upon the creation of biofuel supply chains in the Fuels transformation function, such information is used to adjust the inventories of crop farming datasets. The table below shows the IMAGE variables used to that effect. The mapping file is available in the library root folder: mappingCrops.
Crop family in premise
Crop type in premise
Land use variable in IMAGE [Ha/GJ-Prim]
Land use change variable in IMAGE [kg CO2/GJ-Prim]
sugar
sugarbeet, sugarcane
Land Use|Average|Biomass|Sugar
Emission Factor|CO2|Energy|Supply|Biomass|Average|Sugar
oil
rapeseed, palm oil
Land Use|Average|Biomass|OilCrop
Emission Factor|CO2|Energy|Supply|Biomass|Average|Oilcrops
wood
poplar, eucalyptus
Land Use|Average|Biomass|Woody
Emission Factor|CO2|Energy|Supply|Biomass|Average|Woody
grass
switchgrass, miscanthus
Land Use|Average|Biomass|Grassy
Emission Factor|CO2|Energy|Supply|Biomass|Average|Grassy
grain
corn
Land Use|Average|Biomass|Maize
Emission Factor|CO2|Energy|Supply|Biomass|Average|Maize
The land use and land use change emissions considered for a given scenario can be consulted, like so:
ndb.scenarios[0]["iam data"].land_use
ndb.scenarios[0]["iam data"].land_use_change
Carbon Capture and Storage
Some scenarios involve the capture and storage of CO2 emissions of certain sectors (e.g., cement and steel). The capture rate of a given sector is calculated from the IAM data file, as:
rate = amount of CO2 captured / (amount of CO2 captured + amount of CO2 not captured)
The table below lists the variables needed to calculate those rates.
name in premise
name in REMIND
name in IMAGE
cement - CO2 (not captured)
Emi|CO2|FFaI|Industry|Cement
Emissions|CO2|Industry|Cement|Gross
cement - CCO2 (captured)
Emi|CCO2|FFaI|Industry|Cement
Emissions|CO2|Industry|Cement|Sequestered
steel - CO2 (not captured)
Emi|CO2|FFaI|Industry|Steel
Emissions|CO2|Industry|Steel|Gross
steel - CCO2 (captured)
Emi|CCO2|FFaI|Industry|Steel
Emissions|CO2|Industry|Steel|Sequestered
The carbon capture rates which are floating values comprised between 0 and 1, can be consulted like so:
ndb.scenarios[0]["iam data"].carbon_capture_rate
Data sources external to the IAM
premise tries to adhere to the IAM scenario data as much as possible. There are however a number of cases where external data sources are used. This is notably the case for non-CO2 pollutants emissions for different sectors (electricity, steel and cement), as well as expected efficiency gains for photovoltaic panels.
Air emissions
premise relies on projections from the air emissions models GAINS-EU and GAINS-IAM to adjust the emissions of pollutants for different sectors. As with efficiencies, premise stores the change in emissions (called scaling factor) of a given technology relative to 2020. This is based on the fact that the emissions of ecoinvent datasets are believed to reflect the current (2020) situation. Hence, if a technology, in a given region, has a scaling factor of 1.2 in 2030, this means that the corresponding ecoinvent dataset is adjusted so that its emissions of a given substance is improved by 20%. In other words, premise does not use the emissions level given by GAINS, but rather its change over time relative to 2020.
For more information about this step, refer to sub-section “GAINS emission factors” in the EXTRACT section.
Photovoltaic panels
Module efficiencies in 2010 for micro-Si and single-Si are from IEA_ Task 12 report. For multi-Si, CIGS, CIS and CdTe, they are from IEA2 road map report on PV panels.
Current (2020) module efficiencies for all PV types are given by a 2021 report from the Fraunhofer Institute.
The efficiencies indicated for 2050 are what has been obtained in laboratory conditions by the Fraunhofer Institute. In other words, it is assumed that by 2050, solar PVs will reach production level efficiencies equal to those observed today in laboratories.
% module efficiency
micro-Si
single-Si
multi-Si
CIGS
CIS
CdTe
2010
10
15.1
14
11
11
10
2020
11.9
17.9
16.8
14
14
16.8
2050
12.5
26.7
24.4
23.4
23.4
21