EXTRACT ======= The **EXTRACT** phase consists of the following steps: * Extraction and cleaning of the ecoinvent database * Import and cleaning of additional inventories * Import and cleaning of user-provided inventories (optional) * Caching, if these database and inventories are imported for the first time * Loading of IAM data Current IAM scenarios """"""""""""""""""""" *premise* includes several Integrated Assessment Model (IAM) scenarios, but you can also use other scenarios. In *premise*, scenarios are defined by their Shared Socio-economic Pathway (SSP), a climate trajectory—often represented by a Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP)—and a year (e.g., SSP1, Base, 2035). +------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+-----------------+------------+ | SSP/RCP scenario | GMST increase by 2100 | Society/economy trend | Climate policy | REMIND | IMAGE | +==================+=======================+====================================================================================+=============================================+=================+============+ +------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+-----------------+------------+ | SSP1-None | 2.3-2.8 °C | Optimistic trends for human develop. and economy, driven by sustainable practices. | None | SSP1-Base | SSP1-Base | +------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+-----------------+------------+ | SSP1-None | ~2.2 °C | Optimistic trends for human develop. and economy, driven by sustainable practices. | National Policies Implemented (NPI). | SSP1-NPi | | +------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+-----------------+------------+ | SSP1-None | ~1.9 °C | Optimistic trends for human develop. and economy, driven by sustainable practices. | Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). | SSP1-NDC | | +------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+-----------------+------------+ | SSP1-RCP2.6 | ~1.7 °C | Optimistic trends for human develop. and economy, driven by sustainable practices. | Paris Agreement objective. | SSP1-PkBudg1150 | | +------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+-----------------+------------+ | SSP1-RCP1.9 | ~1.3 °C | Optimistic trends for human develop. and economy, driven by sustainable practices. | Paris Agreement objective. | SSP1-PkBudg500 | | +------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+-----------------+------------+ | SSP2-None | ~3.5 °C | Extrapolation from historical developments. | None (eq. to RCP6) | SSP2-Base | SSP2-Base | +------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+-----------------+------------+ | SSP2-None | ~3.3 °C | Extrapolation from historical developments. | National Policies Implemented (NPI). | SSP2-NPi | | +------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+-----------------+------------+ | SSP2-None | ~2.5 °C | Extrapolation from historical developments. | Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). | SSP2-NDC | | +------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+-----------------+------------+ | SSP2-RCP2.6 | 1.6-1.8 °C | Extrapolation from historical developments. | Paris Agreement objective. | SSP2-PkBudg1150 | SSP2-RCP26 | +------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+-----------------+------------+ | SSP2-RCP1.9 | 1.2-1.4 °C | Extrapolation from historical developments. | Paris Agreement objective. | SSP2-PkBudg500 | SSP2-RCP19 | +------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+-----------------+------------+ | SSP5-None | ~4.5 °C | Optimistic trends for human develop. and economy, driven by fossil fuels. | None | SSP5-Base | | +------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+-----------------+------------+ | SSP5-None | ~4.0 °C | Optimistic trends for human develop. and economy, driven by fossil fuels. | National Policies Implemented (NPI). | SSP5-NPi | | +------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+-----------------+------------+ | SSP5-None | ~3.0 °C | Optimistic trends for human develop. and economy, driven by fossil fuels. | Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). | SSP5-NDC | | +------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+-----------------+------------+ | SSP5-RCP2.6 | ~1.7 °C | Optimistic trends for human develop. and economy, driven by fossil fuels. | Paris Agreement objective. | SSP5-PkBudg1150 | | +------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+-----------------+------------+ | SSP5-RCP1.9 | ~1.0 °C | Optimistic trends for human develop. and economy, driven by fossil fuels. | Paris Agreement objective. | SSP5-PkBudg500 | | +------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+-----------------+------------+ .. note:: A summary report of the main variables of the scenarios selected is generated automatically after each database export. There is also an `online dashboard `_. You can also generate it manually: .. python:: ndb = NewDatabase(...) ndb.generate_scenario_report() Supported versions of ecoinvent """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""" *premise* currently works with the following ecoinvent database versions: * v.3.5, cut-off * v.3.6, cut-off * v.3.7, cut-off * v.3.7.1, cut-off * **v.3.8, cut-off and consequential** * **v.3.9/3.9.1, cut-off and consequential** Supported sources of ecoinvent """""""""""""""""""""""""""""" *premise* can extract the ecoinvent database from: * a brightway2_ project that contains the ecoinvent database * ecosposld2 files, that can be downloaded from the ecoinvent_ website .. _ecoinvent: https://ecoinvent.org .. _brightway2: https://brightway.dev/ .. note:: The ecoinvent database is not included in *premise*. You need to have a valid license to download and use it. Also, please read carefully ecoinvent's EULA_ before using *premise*. .. _EULA: https://ecoinvent.org/app/uploads/2024/01/EULA_new_branding_08_11_2023.pdf From a brightway2 project ------------------------- To extract from an ecoinvent database located in a brightway2 project, simply indicate the database name in `source_db` and its version in `source_version`: .. code-block:: python from premise import * import brightway2 as bw bw.projects.set_current("my_project) ndb = NewDatabase( scenarios=[ {"model":"remind", "pathway":"SSP2-Base", "year":2028} ], source_db="ecoinvent 3.7 cutoff", # <-- this is NEW. source_version="3.7.1", # <-- this is NEW key='xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx', use_multiprocessing=True, # True by default, set to False if multiprocessing is causing troubles keep_uncertainty_data=False # False by default, set to True if you want to keep ecoinvent's uncertainty data ) Note that a cache of the database will be created the first time and store in the library folder. Any subsequent creation of databases using the same ecoinvent version will no longer require this extraction step. If you wish to clear that cache folder, do: .. code-block:: python from premise import * clear_cache() .. note:: It is recommended to restart your notebook once the data has been cached for the first time, so that the remaining steps can be performed using the cached data (much faster). From ecospold2 files -------------------- To extract from a set of ecospold2 files, you need to point to the location of those files in `source_file_path`, as well as indicate the database format in `source_type`: .. code-block:: python from premise import * ndb = NewDatabase( scenarios = [ {"model":"remind", "pathway":"SSP2-Base", "year":2028} ], source_type="ecospold", # <--- this is NEW source_file_path=r"C:\file\path\to\ecoinvent 3.5_cutoff_ecoSpold02\datasets", # <-- this is NEW source_version="3.5", ) Import of additional inventories """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" After the ecoinvent database is extracted and checked, a number of additional inventories are imported, regardless of the year of scenario that is being considered. Power generation ---------------- A number of datasets relating to power generation not originally present in ecoinvent are imported. The next sub-sections lists such datasets. Power plants with CCS ********************* Datasets for power generation with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) are imported. They originate from Volkart_ et al. 2013, and can be consulted here: LCI_Power_generation_. An exception to this are the inventories for biomass-based integrated gasification combined cycle power plants (BIGCCS), which are from Briones-Hidrovo_ et al, 2020. .. _Volkart: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2013.03.003 .. _Briones-Hidrovo: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125680 .. _LCI_Power_generation: https://github.com/polca/premise/blob/master/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-Carma-CCS.xlsx The table below lists the names of the new activities (only production datasets are shown). ============================================================================================================= =========== Power generation with CCS (activities list) location ============================================================================================================= =========== electricity production, at power plant/hard coal, IGCC, no CCS RER electricity production, at power plant/hard coal, PC, no CCS RER electricity production, at power plant/hard coal, oxy, pipeline 200km, storage 1000m RER electricity production, at power plant/hard coal, oxy, pipeline 400km, storage 3000m RER electricity production, at power plant/hard coal, post, pipeline 200km, storage 1000m RER electricity production, at power plant/hard coal, post, pipeline 400km, storage 1000m RER electricity production, at power plant/hard coal, post, pipeline 400km, storage 3000m RER electricity production, at power plant/hard coal, pre, pipeline 200km, storage 1000m RER electricity production, at power plant/hard coal, pre, pipeline 400km, storage 3000m RER electricity production, at power plant/lignite, IGCC, no CCS RER electricity production, at power plant/lignite, PC, no CCS RER electricity production, at power plant/lignite, oxy, pipeline 200km, storage 1000m RER electricity production, at power plant/lignite, oxy, pipeline 400km, storage 3000m RER electricity production, at power plant/lignite, post, pipeline 200km, storage 1000m RER electricity production, at power plant/lignite, post, pipeline 400km, storage 3000m RER electricity production, at power plant/lignite, pre, pipeline 200km, storage 1000m RER electricity production, at power plant/lignite, pre, pipeline 400km, storage 3000m RER electricity production, at power plant/natural gas, ATR H2-CC, no CCS RER electricity production, at power plant/natural gas, NGCC, no CCS/kWh RER electricity production, at power plant/natural gas, post, pipeline 200km, storage 1000m RER electricity production, at power plant/natural gas, post, pipeline 400km, storage 1000m RER electricity production, at power plant/natural gas, post, pipeline 400km, storage 3000m RER electricity production, at power plant/natural gas, pre, pipeline 200km, storage 1000m RER electricity production, at power plant/natural gas, pre, pipeline 400km, storage 3000m RER electricity production, at wood burning power plant 20 MW, truck 25km, no CCS RER electricity production, at wood burning power plant 20 MW, truck 25km, post, pipeline 200km, storage 1000m RER electricity production, at wood burning power plant 20 MW, truck 25km, post, pipeline 400km, storage 3000m RER ============================================================================================================= =========== Natural gas *********** Updated inventories relating to natural gas extraction and distribution are imported to substitute some of the original ecoinvent dataset. These datasets originate from ESU Services and come with a report_, and can be consulted here: LCI_Oil_NG_. .. _LCI_Oil_NG: https://github.com/polca/premise/blob/master/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-ESU-oil-and-gas.xlsx They have been adapted to a brightway2-compatible format. These new inventories have, among other things, higher methane slip emissions along the natural gas supply chain, especially at extraction. .. _report: http://www.esu-services.ch/fileadmin/download/publicLCI/meili-2021-LCI%20for%20the%20oil%20and%20gas%20extraction.pdf ========================================================== ============================================================== Original dataset Replaced by ========================================================== ============================================================== natural gas production (natural gas, high pressure), DE natural gas, at production (natural gas, high pressure), DE natural gas production (natural gas, high pressure), DZ natural gas, at production (natural gas, high pressure), DZ natural gas production (natural gas, high pressure), US natural gas, at production (natural gas, high pressure), US natural gas production (natural gas, high pressure), RU natural gas, at production (natural gas, high pressure), RU petroleum and gas production, GB natural gas, at production (natural gas, high pressure), GB petroleum and gas production, NG natural gas, at production (natural gas, high pressure), NG petroleum and gas production, NL natural gas, at production (natural gas, high pressure), NL petroleum and gas production, NO natural gas, at production (natural gas, high pressure), NO ========================================================== ============================================================== The original natural gas datasets are preserved, but they do not provide input to any other datasets in the database. The new datasets provide natural gas at high pressure to the original supply chains, which remain unchanged. The table below lists the names of the new activities (only high pressure datasets are shown). ============================= =========== Natural gas extraction location ============================= =========== natural gas, at production AZ natural gas, at production RO natural gas, at production LY natural gas, at production SA natural gas, at production IQ natural gas, at production RU natural gas, at production NL natural gas, at production DZ natural gas, at production NG natural gas, at production DE natural gas, at production KZ natural gas, at production NO natural gas, at production QA natural gas, at production GB natural gas, at production MX natural gas, at production US ============================= =========== .. note:: This import does not occur when using ecoinvent v.3.9 as those dataset updates are already included. Photovoltaic panels ******************* Photovoltaic panel inventories originate the IEA's Task 12 project IEA_PV_. They have been adapted into a brightway2-friendly format. They can be consulted here: LCI_PV_. .. _IEA_PV: https://iea-pvps.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/IEA-PVPS-LCI-report-2020.pdf .. _LCI_PV: https://github.com/polca/premise/blob/master/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-PV.xlsx They consist of the following PV installation types: ============================================================================================ =========== PV installation location ============================================================================================ =========== photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 1.3 MWp, multi-Si, panel, mounted, on roof CH photovoltaic flat-roof installation, 156 kWp, multi-Si, on roof CH photovoltaic flat-roof installation, 156 kWp, single-Si, on roof CH photovoltaic flat-roof installation, 280 kWp, multi-Si, on roof CH photovoltaic flat-roof installation, 280 kWp, single-Si, on roof CH photovoltaic flat-roof installation, 324 kWp, multi-Si, on roof DE photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 3 kWp, CIS, laminated, integrated, on roof CH photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 3 kWp, CIS, laminated, integrated, on roof RER photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 3 kWp, CdTe, panel, mounted, on roof CH photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 3 kWp, CdTe, panel, mounted, on roof RER photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 3 kWp, micro-Si, laminated, integrated, on roof RER photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 3 kWp, micro-Si, panel, mounted, on roof RER photovoltaic flat-roof installation, 450 kWp, single-Si, on roof DE photovoltaic open ground installation, 560 kWp, single-Si, on open ground CH photovoltaic open ground installation, 569 kWp, multi-Si, on open ground ES photovoltaic open ground installation, 570 kWp, CIS, on open ground RER photovoltaic open ground installation, 570 kWp, CdTe, on open ground RER photovoltaic open ground installation, 570 kWp, micro-Si, on open ground RER photovoltaic open ground installation, 570 kWp, multi-Si, on open ground ES photovoltaic open ground installation, 570 kWp, multi-Si, on open ground RER photovoltaic open ground installation, 570 kWp, single-Si, on open ground RER photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 93 kWp, multi-Si, laminated, integrated, on roof CH photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 93 kWp, multi-Si, panel, mounted, on roof CH photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 93 kWp, single-Si, laminated, integrated, on roof CH photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 93 kWp, single-Si, panel, mounted, on roof CH ============================================================================================ =========== Although these datasets have a limited number of locations (CH, RER, DE, ES), the IEA report provides country-specific load factors: ======================= =========== ========= ========== production [kWh/kWp] roof-top façade central ======================= =========== ========= ========== PT 1427 999 1513 IL 1695 1187 1798 SE 919 643 974 FR 968 678 1026 TR 1388 971 1471 NZ 1240 868 1315 MY 1332 933 1413 CN 971 679 1029 TH 1436 1005 1522 ZA 1634 1144 1733 JP 1024 717 1086 CH 976 683 1040 DE 922 645 978 KR 1129 790 1197 AT 1044 731 1111 GR 1323 926 1402 IE 796 557 844 AU 1240 868 1314 IT 1298 908 1376 MX 1612 1128 1709 NL 937 656 994 GB 848 593 899 ES 1423 996 1509 CL 1603 1122 1699 HU 1090 763 1156 CZ 944 661 1101 CA 1173 821 1243 US 1401 981 1485 NO 832 583 882 FI 891 624 945 BE 908 635 962 DK 971 680 1030 LU 908 635 962 ======================= =========== ========= ========== In the report, the generation potential per installation type is multiplied by the number of installations in each country, to produce country-specific PV power mix datasets normalized to 1 kWh. The report specifies the production-weighted PV mix for each country, but we further split it between residential (<=3kWp) and commercial (>3kWp) installations (as most IAMs make such distinction): ==================================================== =========== Production-weighted PV mix location ==================================================== =========== electricity production, photovoltaic, residential PT electricity production, photovoltaic, residential IL electricity production, photovoltaic, residential SE electricity production, photovoltaic, residential FR electricity production, photovoltaic, residential TR electricity production, photovoltaic, residential NZ electricity production, photovoltaic, residential MY electricity production, photovoltaic, residential CN electricity production, photovoltaic, residential TH electricity production, photovoltaic, residential ZA electricity production, photovoltaic, residential JP electricity production, photovoltaic, residential CH electricity production, photovoltaic, residential DE electricity production, photovoltaic, residential KR electricity production, photovoltaic, residential AT electricity production, photovoltaic, residential GR electricity production, photovoltaic, residential IE electricity production, photovoltaic, residential AU electricity production, photovoltaic, residential IT electricity production, photovoltaic, residential MX electricity production, photovoltaic, residential NL electricity production, photovoltaic, residential GB electricity production, photovoltaic, residential ES electricity production, photovoltaic, residential CL electricity production, photovoltaic, residential HU electricity production, photovoltaic, residential CZ electricity production, photovoltaic, residential CA electricity production, photovoltaic, residential US electricity production, photovoltaic, residential NO electricity production, photovoltaic, residential FI electricity production, photovoltaic, residential BE electricity production, photovoltaic, residential DK electricity production, photovoltaic, residential LU electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial PT electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial IL electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial SE electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial FR electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial TR electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial NZ electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial MY electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial CN electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial TH electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial ZA electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial JP electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial CH electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial DE electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial KR electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial AT electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial GR electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial IE electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial AU electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial IT electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial MX electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial NL electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial GB electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial ES electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial CL electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial HU electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial CZ electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial CA electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial US electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial NO electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial FI electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial BE electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial DK electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial LU ==================================================== =========== Hence, inside the *residential* PV mix of Spain ("electricity production, photovoltaic, residential"), one will find the following inputs for the production of 1kWh: ========================================================================================== ============== =========== ============ name amount location unit ========================================================================================== ============== =========== ============ Energy, solar, converted 3.8503 megajoule Heat, waste 0.25027 megajoule photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 3 kWp, CIS, laminated, integrated, on roof 2.48441E-08 CH unit photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 3 kWp, CdTe, panel, mounted, on roof 4.99911E-07 CH unit photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 3 kWp, micro-Si, laminated, integrated, on roof 3.93869E-09 RER unit photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 3 kWp, micro-Si, panel, mounted, on roof 6.55186E-08 RER unit photovoltaic facade installation, 3kWp, multi-Si, laminated, integrated, at building 2.10481E-07 RER unit photovoltaic facade installation, 3kWp, multi-Si, panel, mounted, at building 2.10481E-07 RER unit photovoltaic facade installation, 3kWp, single-Si, laminated, integrated, at building 1.11463E-07 RER unit photovoltaic facade installation, 3kWp, single-Si, panel, mounted, at building 1.11463E-07 RER unit photovoltaic flat-roof installation, 3kWp, multi-Si, on roof 2.20794E-06 RER unit photovoltaic flat-roof installation, 3kWp, single-Si, on roof 1.17025E-06 RER unit photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 3kWp, CIS, panel, mounted, on roof 4.12805E-07 CH unit photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 3kWp, CdTe, laminated, integrated, on roof 3.00704E-08 CH unit photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 3kWp, multi-Si, laminated, integrated, on roof 1.08693E-07 RER unit photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 3kWp, multi-Si, panel, mounted, on roof 1.81407E-06 RER unit photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 3kWp, single-Si, laminated, integrated, on roof 5.75655E-08 RER unit photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 3kWp, single-Si, panel, mounted, on roof 9.6195E-07 RER unit ========================================================================================== ============== =========== ============ with, for example, 2.48E-8 units of "photovoltaic slanted-roof installation, 3 kWp, CIS, laminated, integrated, on roof" being calculated as: .. code-block:: 1 / (30 [years] * 1423 [kWh/kWp] * 0.32% [share of PV capacity of such type installed in Spain]) Note that commercial PV mix datasets provide electricity at high voltage, unlike residential PV mix datasets, which supply at low voltage only. Geothermal ********** Heat production by means of a geothermal well are not represented in ecoinvent. The geothermal power plant construction inventories are from Maeder_ Bachelor Thesis. .. _Maeder: https://www.psi.ch/sites/default/files/import/ta/PublicationTab/BSc_Mattia_Maeder_2016.pdf The co-generation unit has been removed and replaced by heat exchanger and district heating pipes. Gross heat output of 1,483 TJ, with 80% efficiency. The inventories can be consulted here: LCIgeothermal_. .. _LCIgeothermal: https://github.com/polca/premise/blob/master/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-geothermal.xlsx They introduce the following datasets (only heat production datasets shown): =================================== =========== Geothermal heat production location =================================== =========== heat production, deep geothermal RAS heat production, deep geothermal GLO heat production, deep geothermal RAF heat production, deep geothermal RME heat production, deep geothermal RLA heat production, deep geothermal RU heat production, deep geothermal CA heat production, deep geothermal JP heat production, deep geothermal US heat production, deep geothermal IN heat production, deep geothermal CN heat production, deep geothermal RER =================================== =========== Hydrogen -------- *premise* imports inventories for hydrogen production via the following pathways: * Steam Methane Reforming, using natural gas * Steam Methane Reforming, using natural gas, with Carbon Capture and Storage * Steam Methane Reforming, using bio-methane * Steam Methane Reforming, using bio-methane, with Carbon Capture and Storage * Auto Thermal Reforming, using natural gas * Auto Thermal Reforming, using natural gas, with Carbon Capture and Storage * Auto Thermal Reforming, using bio-methane * Auto Thermal Reforming, using bio-methane, with Carbon Capture and Storage * Woody biomass gasification, using a fluidized bed * Woody biomass gasification, using a fluidized bed, with Carbon Capture and Storage * Woody biomass gasification, using an entrained flow gasifier * Woody biomass gasification, using an entrained flow gasifier, with Carbon Capture and Storage * Coal gasification * Coal gasification, with Carbon Capture and Storage * Electrolysis * Thermochemical water splitting * Pyrolysis Inventories using Steam Methane Reforming are from Antonini_ et al. 2021. They can be consulted here: LCI_SMR_. Inventories using Auto Thermal Reforming are from Antonini_ et al. 2021. They can be consulted here: LCI_ATR_. Inventories using Woody biomass gasification are from Antonini2_ et al. 2021. They can be consulted here: LCI_woody_. Inventories using coal gasification are from Wokaun_ et al. 2015, but updated with Li_ et al. 2022, which also provide an option with CCS. They can be consulted here: LCI_coal_. Inventories using electrolysis are from Niklas Gerloff_. 2021. They can be consulted here: LCI_electrolysis_. Inventories for thermochemical water splitting are from Zhang2_ et al. 2022. Inventories for pyrolysis are from Al-Qahtani_ et al. 2021, completed with data from Postels_ et al., 2016. .. _Antonini: https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2020/se/d0se00222d .. _Antonini2: https://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2021/SE/D0SE01637C .. _Wokaun: https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/transition-to-hydrogen/43144AF26ED80E7106B675A6E83B1579 .. _Li: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132514 .. _Gerloff: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.102759 .. _Zhang2: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.02.150 .. _Al-Qahtani: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115958 .. _Postels: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.09.167 .. _LCI_SMR: https://github.com/polca/premise/blob/master/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-hydrogen-smr-atr-natgas.xlsx .. _LCI_ATR: https://github.com/polca/premise/blob/master/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-hydrogen-smr-atr-natgas.xlsx .. _LCI_woody: https://github.com/polca/premise/blob/master/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-hydrogen-wood-gasification.xlsx .. _LCI_coal: https://github.com/polca/premise/blob/master/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-hydrogen-coal-gasification.xlsx .. _LCI_electrolysis: https://github.com/polca/premise/blob/master/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-hydrogen-electrolysis.xlsx The new datasets introduced are listed in the table below (only production datasets are shown). ======================================================================================================================================= =========== Hydrogen production location ======================================================================================================================================= =========== hydrogen production, steam methane reforming of natural gas, 25 bar CH hydrogen production, steam methane reforming of natural gas, with CCS (MDEA, 98% eff.), 25 bar CH hydrogen production, steam methane reforming, from biomethane, high and low temperature, with CCS (MDEA, 98% eff.), 26 bar CH hydrogen production, steam methane reforming, from biomethane, high and low temperature, 26 bar CH hydrogen production, auto-thermal reforming, from biomethane, 25 bar CH hydrogen production, auto-thermal reforming, from biomethane, with CCS (MDEA, 98% eff.), 25 bar CH hydrogen production, gaseous, 25 bar, from heatpipe reformer gasification of woody biomass with CCS, at gasification plant CH hydrogen production, gaseous, 25 bar, from heatpipe reformer gasification of woody biomass, at gasification plant CH hydrogen production, gaseous, 25 bar, from gasification of woody biomass in entrained flow gasifier, with CCS, at gasification plant CH hydrogen production, gaseous, 25 bar, from gasification of woody biomass in entrained flow gasifier, at gasification plant CH hydrogen production, gaseous, 30 bar, from hard coal gasification and reforming, at coal gasification plant RER hydrogen production, gaseous, 30 bar, from PEM electrolysis, from grid electricity RER hydrogen production, gaseous, 20 bar, from AEC electrolysis, from grid electricity RER hydrogen production, gaseous, 1 bar, from SOEC electrolysis, from grid electricity RER hydrogen production, gaseous, 1 bar, from SOEC electrolysis, with steam input, from grid electricity RER hydrogen production, gaseous, 25 bar, from thermochemical water splitting, at solar tower RER hydrogen production, gaseous, 100 bar, from methane pyrolysis RER ======================================================================================================================================= =========== Hydrogen storage and distribution ********************************* A number of datasets relating to hydrogen storage and distribution are also imported. They are necessary to model the distribution of hydrogen: * via re-assigned transmission and distribution CNG pipelines, in a gaseous state * via dedicated transmission and distribution hydrogen pipelines, in a gaseous state * as a liquid organic compound, by hydrogenation * via truck, in a liquid state * hydrogen refuelling station Small and large storage solutions are also provided: * high pressure hydrogen storage tank * geological storage tank These datasets originate from the work of Wulf_ et al. 2018, and can be consulted here: LCI_H2_distr_. For re-assigned CNG pipelines, which require the hydrogen to be mixed together with oxygen to limit metal embrittlement, some parameters are taken from the work of Cerniauskas_ et al. 2020. The datasets introduced are listed in the table below. ================================================================== =========== Hydrogen distribution location ================================================================== =========== hydrogen refuelling station GLO high pressure hydrogen storage tank GLO pipeline, hydrogen, low pressure distribution network RER compressor assembly for transmission hydrogen pipeline RER pipeline, hydrogen, high pressure transmission network RER zinc coating for hydrogen pipeline RER hydrogenation of hydrogen RER dehydrogenation of hydrogen RER dibenzyltoluene production RER solution mining for geological hydrogen storage RER geological hydrogen storage RER hydrogen embrittlement inhibition RER distribution pipeline for hydrogen, reassigned CNG pipeline RER transmission pipeline for hydrogen, reassigned CNG pipeline RER ================================================================== =========== .. _Wulf: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095965261832170X .. _LCI_H2_distr: https://github.com/polca/premise/blob/master/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-hydrogen-distribution.xlsx .. _Cerniauskas: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.02.121 Hydrogen turbine **************** A dataset for a hydrogen turbine is also imported, to model the production of electricity from hydrogen, with an efficiency of 51%. The efficiency of the H2-fed gas turbine is based on the parameters of Ozawa_ et al. (2019), accessible here: LCI_H2_turbine_. .. _Ozawa: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.02.230 .. _LCI_H2_turbine: https://github.com/polca/premise/blob/master/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-hydrogen-turbine.xlsx Biofuels -------- Inventories for energy crops- and residues-based production of bioethanol and biodiesel are imported, and can be accessed here: LCI_biofuels_. They include the farming of the crop, the conversion of the biomass to fuel, as well as its distribution. The conversion process often leads to the production of co-products (dried distiller's grain, electricity, CO2, bagasse.). Hence, energy, economic and system expansion partitioning approaches are available. These inventories originate from several different sources (Wu_ et al. 2006 (2020 update), Cozzolino_ 2018, Pereira_ et al. 2019 and Gonzalez-Garcia_ et al. 2012), Cavalett_ & Cherubini 2022, as indicated in the table below. .. _LCI_biofuels: https://github.com/polca/premise/blob/master/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-biofuels.xlsx .. _Cozzolino: https://www.psi.ch/sites/default/files/2019-09/Cozzolino_377125_%20Research%20Project%20Report.pdf .. _Gonzalez-Garcia: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.044 .. _Wu: http://greet.es.anl.gov/publication-2lli584z .. _Pereira: http://task39.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2019/04/Task-39-GHS-models-Final-Report-Phase-1.pdf .. _Cavalett: https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.2395 The following datasets are introduced: ================================================================================== =========== ============================= Activity Location Source ================================================================================== =========== ============================= Farming and supply of switchgrass US Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update) Farming and supply of poplar US Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update) Farming and supply of willow US Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update) Supply of forest residue US Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update) Farming and supply of miscanthus US Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update) Farming and supply of corn stover US Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update) Farming and supply of sugarcane US Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update) Farming and supply of Grain Sorghum US Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update) Farming and supply of Sweet Sorghum US Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update) Farming and supply of Forage Sorghum US Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update) Farming and supply of corn US Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update) Farming and supply of sugarcane BR Pereira et al. 2019/RED II Farming and supply of sugarcane straw BR Pereira et al. 2019 Farming and supply of eucalyptus ES Gonzalez-Garcia et al. 2012 Farming and supply of wheat grains RER Cozzolino 2018 Farming and supply of wheat straw RER Cozzolino 2018 Farming and supply of corn RER Cozzolino 2018/RED II Farming and supply of sugarbeet RER Cozzolino 2018 Supply of forest residue RER Cozzolino 2018 Supply and refining of waste cooking oil RER Cozzolino 2018 Farming and supply of rapeseed RER Cozzolino 2018/RED II Farming and supply of palm fresh fruit bunch RER Cozzolino 2018 Farming and supply of dry algae RER Cozzolino 2018 Ethanol production, via fermentation, from switchgrass US Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update) Ethanol production, via fermentation, from poplar US Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update) Ethanol production, via fermentation, from willow US Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update) Ethanol production, via fermentation, from forest residue US Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update) Ethanol production, via fermentation, from miscanthus US Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update) Ethanol production, via fermentation, from corn stover US Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update) Ethanol production, via fermentation, from sugarcane US Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update) Ethanol production, via fermentation, from grain sorghum US Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update) Ethanol production, via fermentation, from sweet sorghum US Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update) Ethanol production, via fermentation, from forage sorghum US Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update) Ethanol production, via fermentation, from corn US Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update) Ethanol production, via fermentation, from corn, with carbon capture US Wu et al. 2006 (2020 update) Ethanol production, via fermentation, from sugarcane BR Pereira et al. 2019 Ethanol production, via fermentation, from sugarcane straw BR Pereira et al. 2019 Ethanol production, via fermentation, from eucalyptus ES Gonzalez-Garcia et al. 2012 Ethanol production, via fermentation, from wheat grains RER Cozzolino 2018 Ethanol production, via fermentation, from wheat straw RER Cozzolino 2018 Ethanol production, via fermentation, from corn starch RER Cozzolino 2018 Ethanol production, via fermentation, from sugarbeet RER Cozzolino 2018 Ethanol production, via fermentation, from forest residue RER Cozzolino 2018 Ethanol production, via fermentation, from forest residues RER Cavalett & Cherubini 2022 Ethanol production, via fermentation, from forest product (non-residual) RER Cavalett & Cherubini 2022 Biodiesel production, via transesterification, from used cooking oil RER Cozzolino 2018 Biodiesel production, via transesterification, from rapeseed oil RER Cozzolino 2018 Biodiesel production, via transesterification, from palm oil, energy allocation RER Cozzolino 2018 Biodiesel production, via transesterification, from algae, energy allocation RER Cozzolino 2018 Biodiesel production, via Fischer-Tropsch, from forest residues RER Cavalett & Cherubini 2022 Biodiesel production, via Fischer-Tropsch, from forest product (non-residual) RER Cavalett & Cherubini 2022 Kerosene production, via Fischer-Tropsch, from forest residues RER Cavalett & Cherubini 2022 Kerosene production, via Fischer-Tropsch, from forest product (non-residual) RER Cavalett & Cherubini 2022 ================================================================================== =========== ============================= Synthetic fuels --------------- *premise* imports inventories for the synthesis of hydrocarbon fuels following two pathways: * *Fischer-Tropsch*: it uses hydrogen and CO (from CO2 via a reverse water gas shift process) to produce "syncrude", which is distilled into diesel, kerosene, naphtha and lubricating oil and waxes. Inventories are from van der Giesen_ et al. 2014. * *Methanol-to-liquids*: methanol is synthesized from hydrogen and CO2, and further distilled into gasoline, diesel, LGP and kerosene. Synthetic methanol inventories are from Hank_ et al. 2019. The methanol to fuel process specifications are from FVV_ 2013. * *Electro-chemical methanation*: methane is produced from hydrogen and CO2 using a Sabatier methanation reactor. Inventories are from Zhang_ et al, 2019. .. _Giesen: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es500191g .. _Hank: https://doi.org/10.1039/C9SE00658C .. _FVV: https://www.fvv-net.de/fileadmin/user_upload/medien/materialien/FVV-Kraftstoffstudie_LBST_2013-10-30.pdf .. _Zhang: https://doi.org/10.1039/C9SE00986H In their default configuration, these fuels use hydrogen from electrolysis and CO2 from direct air capture (DAC). However, *premise* builds different configurations (i.e., CO2 and hydrogen sources) for these fuels, for each IAM region: ============================================================================================================================================================================ ================== ============================= Fuel production dataset location source ============================================================================================================================================================================ ================== ============================= Diesel production, synthetic, from Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from coal gasification, at fuelling station all IAM regions van der Giesen et al. 2014 Diesel production, synthetic, from Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from coal gasification, with CCS, at fuelling station all IAM regions van der Giesen et al. 2014 Diesel production, synthetic, from Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from electrolysis, at fuelling station all IAM regions van der Giesen et al. 2014 Diesel production, synthetic, from Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from wood gasification, at fuelling station all IAM regions van der Giesen et al. 2014 Diesel production, synthetic, from Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from wood gasification, with CCS, at fuelling station all IAM regions van der Giesen et al. 2014 Diesel production, synthetic, from methanol, hydrogen from coal gasification, at fuelling station all IAM regions Hank et al, 2019 Diesel production, synthetic, from methanol, hydrogen from coal gasification, with CCS, at fuelling station all IAM regions Hank et al, 2019 Diesel production, synthetic, from methanol, hydrogen from electrolysis, CO2 from cement plant, at fuelling station all IAM regions Hank et al, 2019 Diesel production, synthetic, from methanol, hydrogen from electrolysis, CO2 from DAC, at fuelling station all IAM regions Hank et al, 2019 Gasoline production, synthetic, from methanol, hydrogen from coal gasification, at fuelling station all IAM regions Hank et al, 2019 Gasoline production, synthetic, from methanol, hydrogen from coal gasification, with CCS, at fuelling station all IAM regions Hank et al, 2019 Gasoline production, synthetic, from methanol, hydrogen from electrolysis, CO2 from cement plant, at fuelling station all IAM regions Hank et al, 2019 Gasoline production, synthetic, from methanol, hydrogen from electrolysis, CO2 from DAC, at fuelling station all IAM regions Hank et al, 2019 Kerosene production, from methanol, hydrogen from coal gasification all IAM regions Hank et al, 2019 Kerosene production, from methanol, hydrogen from electrolysis, CO2 from cement plant all IAM regions Hank et al, 2019 Kerosene production, from methanol, hydrogen from electrolysis, CO2 from DAC all IAM regions Hank et al, 2019 Kerosene production, synthetic, Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from coal gasification all IAM regions van der Giesen et al. 2014 Kerosene production, synthetic, Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from coal gasification, with CCS all IAM regions van der Giesen et al. 2014 Kerosene production, synthetic, Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from electrolysis all IAM regions van der Giesen et al. 2014 Kerosene production, synthetic, Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from wood gasification all IAM regions van der Giesen et al. 2014 Kerosene production, synthetic, Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from wood gasification, with CCS all IAM regions van der Giesen et al. 2014 Lubricating oil production, synthetic, Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from coal gasification all IAM regions van der Giesen et al. 2014 Lubricating oil production, synthetic, Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from electrolysis all IAM regions van der Giesen et al. 2014 Lubricating oil production, synthetic, Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from wood gasification all IAM regions van der Giesen et al. 2014 Lubricating oil production, synthetic, Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from wood gasification, with CCS all IAM regions van der Giesen et al. 2014 Methane, synthetic, gaseous, 5 bar, from coal-based hydrogen, at fuelling station all IAM regions Zhang et al, 2019 Methane, synthetic, gaseous, 5 bar, from electrochemical methanation (H2 from electrolysis, CO2 from DAC using heat pump heat), at fuelling station, using heat pump heat all IAM regions Zhang et al, 2019 Methane, synthetic, gaseous, 5 bar, from electrochemical methanation (H2 from electrolysis, CO2 from DAC using waste heat), at fuelling station, using waste heat all IAM regions Zhang et al, 2019 Methane, synthetic, gaseous, 5 bar, from electrochemical methanation, at fuelling station all IAM regions Zhang et al, 2019 Naphtha production, synthetic, Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from coal gasification all IAM regions van der Giesen et al. 2014 Naphtha production, synthetic, Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from electrolysis all IAM regions van der Giesen et al. 2014 Naphtha production, synthetic, Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from wood gasification all IAM regions van der Giesen et al. 2014 Naphtha production, synthetic, Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from wood gasification, with CCS all IAM regions van der Giesen et al. 2014 Liquefied petroleum gas production, synthetic, from methanol, hydrogen from electrolysis, CO2 from DAC, at fuelling station all IAM regions Hank et al, 2019 ============================================================================================================================================================================ ================== ============================= In the case of wood and coal gasification-based fuels, the CO2 needed to produce methanol or syncrude originates from the gasification process itself. This also implies that in the methanol and/or RWGS process, a carbon balance correction is applied to reflect the fact that a part of the CO2 from the gasification process is redirected into the fuel production process. If the CO2 originates from: * a gasification process without CCS, a negative carbon correction is added to reflect the fact that part of the CO2 has not been emitted but has ended in the fuel instead. * the gasification process with CCS, no carbon correction is necessary, because the CO2 is stored in the fuel instead of being stored underground, which from a carbon accounting standpoint is similar. Carbon Capture -------------- Two sets of inventories for Direct Air Capture (DAC) are available in *premise*. One for a solvent-based system, and one for a sorbent-based system. The inventories were developed by Qiu_ and are available in the LCI_DAC_ spreadsheet. For each, a variant including the subsequent compression, transport and storage of the captured CO2 is also available. They can be consulted here: LCI_DAC_. .. _Qiu: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31146-1 .. _LCI_DAC: https://github.com/polca/premise/blob/master/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-direct-air-capture.xlsx Additional, two datasets for carbon capture at point sources are available: one at cement plant from Meunier_ et al, 2020, and another one at municipal solid waste incineration plant (MSWI) from Bisinella_ et al, 2021. .. _Meunier: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.07.010 .. _Bisinella: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2021.04.046 They introduce the following datasets: =============================================================================================================== =========== Activity Location =============================================================================================================== =========== carbon dioxide, captured from atmosphere, with a sorbent-based direct air capture system, 100ktCO2 RER carbon dioxide, captured from atmosphere and stored, with a sorbent-based direct air capture system, 100ktCO2 RER carbon dioxide, captured from atmosphere, with a solvent-based direct air capture system, 1MtCO2 RER carbon dioxide, captured from atmosphere and stored, with a solvent-based direct air capture system, 1MtCO2 RER carbon dioxide, captured at municipal solid waste incineration plant, for subsequent reuse RER carbon dioxide, captured at cement production plant, for subsequent reuse RER =============================================================================================================== =========== Using the transformation function `update("dac")`, *premise* creates various configurations of these processes, using different sources for heat (industrial steam heat, high-temp heat pump heat and excess heat), which are found under the following names, for each IAM region: ======================================================================================================================================================= ================== name location ======================================================================================================================================================= ================== carbon dioxide, captured from atmosphere, with a solvent-based direct air capture system, 1MtCO2, with industrial steam heat, and grid electricity all IAM regions carbon dioxide, captured from atmosphere, with a solvent-based direct air capture system, 1MtCO2, with heat pump heat, and grid electricity all IAM regions carbon dioxide, captured from atmosphere, with a sorbent-based direct air capture system, 100ktCO2, with waste heat, and grid electricity all IAM regions carbon dioxide, captured from atmosphere, with a sorbent-based direct air capture system, 100ktCO2, with industrial steam heat, and grid electricity all IAM regions carbon dioxide, captured from atmosphere, with a sorbent-based direct air capture system, 100ktCO2, with heat pump heat, and grid electricity all IAM regions ======================================================================================================================================================= ================== Note that only solid sorbent DAC can use waste heat, as the heat requirement for liquid solvent DAC is too high (~900 C) Li-ion batteries ---------------- NMC-111, NMC-6222 NMC-811 and NCA Lithium-ion battery inventories are originally from Dai_ et al. 2019. They have been adapted to ecoinvent by Crenna_ et al, 2021. LFP and LTO Lithium-ion battery inventories are from Schmidt_ et al. 2019. They introduce the following datasets: ============================== =========== ====================================== Battery components location source ============================== =========== ====================================== Battery BoP GLO Schmidt et al. 2019 Battery cell, NMC-111 GLO Dai et al. 2019, Crenna et al. 2021 Battery cell, NMC-622 GLO Dai et al. 2019, Crenna et al. 2021 Battery cell, NMC-811 GLO Dai et al. 2019, Crenna et al. 2021 Battery cell, NCA GLO Dai et al. 2019, Crenna et al. 2021 Battery cell, LFP GLO Schmidt et al. 2019 Battery cell, LTO GLO Schmidt et al. 2019 ============================== =========== ====================================== These battery inventories are mostly used by battery electric vehicles (also imported by *premise*), and are to be preferred to battery inventories coming with ecoinvent (battery inventories since ecoinvent 3.8 are also from Crenna_ et al, 2021, but have been implemented with some errors, which may be corrected in the future in ecoinvent 3.9). These inventories can be found here: LCI_batteries_. Graphite -------- *premise* includes new inventories for: * natural graphite, from Engels_ et al. 2022, * synthetic graphite, from Surovtseva_ et al. 2022, forming a new market for graphite, with the following datasets: ===================================== =========== =========== Activity Location ===================================== =========== =========== market for graphite, battery grade 1.0 graphite, natural CN 0.8 graphite, synthetic CN 0.2 ===================================== =========== =========== to represent a 80:20 split between natural and synthetic graphite, according to Surovtseva_ et al, 2022. These inventories can be found here: LCI_graphite_. Cobalt ------ New inventories of cobalt are added, from the work of Dai, Kelly and Elgowainy_, 2018. They are available under the following datasets: =================================================================================== =========== Activity Location =================================================================================== =========== cobalt sulfate production, from copper mining, economic allocation CN cobalt sulfate production, from copper mining, energy allocation CN cobalt metal production, from copper mining, via electrolysis, economic allocation CN cobalt metal production, from copper mining, via electrolysis, energy allocation CN =================================================================================== =========== We recommend using those rather than the original ecoinvent inventories for cobalt, provided by the Cobalt Development Institute (CDI) since ecoinvent 3.7, which seem to lack transparency. These inventories can be found here: LCI_cobalt_. Lithium ------- New inventories for lithium extraction are also added, from the work of Schenker_ et al., 2022. They cover lithium extraction from five different locations in Chile, Argentina and China. They are available under the following datasets for battery production: =================================================================================== =========== Activity Location =================================================================================== =========== market for lithium carbonate, battery grade GLO market for lithium hydroxide, battery grade GLO =================================================================================== =========== These inventories can be found here: LCI_lithium_. .. _Dai: https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/5/2/48 .. _Crenna: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105619 .. _Schmidt: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b05313 .. _Engels: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130474 .. _Surovtseva: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13234 .. _Elgowainy: https://greet.es.anl.gov/publication-update_cobalt .. _Schenker: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106611 .. _LCI_batteries: https://github.com/polca/premise/blob/master/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-batteries.xlsx .. _LCI_graphite: https://github.com/polca/premise/blob/master/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-graphite.xlsx .. _LCI_cobalt: https://github.com/polca/premise/blob/master/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-cobalt.xlsx .. _LCI_lithium: https://github.com/polca/premise/blob/master/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-lithium.xlsx Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries ----------------------------- *premise* imports inventories for the production of a vanadium redox flow battery, used for grid-balancing, from the work of Weber_ et al. 2021. It is available under the following dataset: * vanadium-redox flow battery system assembly, 8.3 megawatt hour The dataset providing electricity is the following: * electricity supply, high voltage, from vanadium-redox flow battery system The power capacity for this application is 1MW and the net storage capacity 6 MWh. The net capacity considers the internal inefficiencies of the batteries and the min Sate-of-Charge, requiring a certain oversizing of the batteries. For providing net 6 MWh, a nominal capacity of 8.3 MWh is required for the VRFB with the assumed operation parameters. The assumed lifetime of the stack is 10 years. The lifetime of the system is 20 years or 8176 cycle-life (49,000 MWh). .. _Weber: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073 These inventories can be found here: LCI_vanadium_redox_flow_batteries_. .. _LCI_vanadium_redox_flow_batteries: https://github.com/polca/premise/blob/master/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-vanadium-redox-flow-battery.xlsx This publication also provides LCIs for Vanadium mining and refining from iron ore. The end product is vanadium pentoxide, which is available under the following dataset: * vanadium pentoxide production These inventories can be found here: LCI_vanadium_. .. _LCI_vanadium: https://github.com/polca/premise/blob/master/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-vanadium.xlsx Road vehicles ------------- *premise* imports inventories for different types of on-road vehicles. Two-wheelers ************ The following datasets for two-wheelers are imported. Inventories are from Sacchi_ et al. 2022. The vehicles are available for different years and emission standards. *premise* will only import vehicles which production year is equal or inferior to the scenario year considered. The inventories can be consulted here: LCItwowheelers_. .. _Sacchi: https://zenodo.org/deposit/5720779 .. _LCItwowheelers: https://github.com/polca/premise/blob/master/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-two_wheelers.xlsx ================================================= ================== Two-wheeler datasets location ================================================= ================== transport, Kick Scooter, electric, <1kW all IAM regions transport, Bicycle, conventional, urban all IAM regions transport, Bicycle, electric (<25 km/h) all IAM regions transport, Bicycle, electric (<45 km/h) all IAM regions transport, Bicycle, electric, cargo bike all IAM regions transport, Moped, gasoline, <4kW, EURO-3 all IAM regions transport, Moped, gasoline, <4kW, EURO-4 all IAM regions transport, Moped, gasoline, <4kW, EURO-5 all IAM regions transport, Scooter, gasoline, <4kW, EURO-3 all IAM regions transport, Scooter, gasoline, <4kW, EURO-4 all IAM regions transport, Scooter, gasoline, <4kW, EURO-5 all IAM regions transport, Scooter, gasoline, 4-11kW, EURO-3 all IAM regions transport, Scooter, gasoline, 4-11kW, EURO-4 all IAM regions transport, Scooter, gasoline, 4-11kW, EURO-5 all IAM regions transport, Scooter, electric, <4kW all IAM regions transport, Scooter, electric, 4-11kW all IAM regions transport, Motorbike, gasoline, 4-11kW, EURO-3 all IAM regions transport, Motorbike, gasoline, 4-11kW, EURO-4 all IAM regions transport, Motorbike, gasoline, 4-11kW, EURO-5 all IAM regions transport, Motorbike, gasoline, 11-35kW, EURO-3 all IAM regions transport, Motorbike, gasoline, 11-35kW, EURO-4 all IAM regions transport, Motorbike, gasoline, 11-35kW, EURO-5 all IAM regions transport, Motorbike, gasoline, >35kW, EURO-3 all IAM regions transport, Motorbike, gasoline, >35kW, EURO-4 all IAM regions transport, Motorbike, gasoline, >35kW, EURO-5 all IAM regions transport, Motorbike, electric, <4kW all IAM regions transport, Motorbike, electric, 4-11kW all IAM regions transport, Motorbike, electric, 11-35kW all IAM regions transport, Motorbike, electric, >35kW all IAM regions ================================================= ================== These inventories do not supply inputs to other activities in the LCI database. As such, they are optional. Passenger cars ************** The following datasets for passenger cars are imported. =============================================================================== ================== Passenger car datasets location =============================================================================== ================== transport, passenger car, gasoline, Large, EURO-2 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Large, EURO-3 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Large, EURO-4 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Large, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Large, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Large, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Large, EURO-2 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Large, EURO-3 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Large, EURO-4 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Large, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Large, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Large, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Large, EURO-2 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Large, EURO-3 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Large, EURO-4 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Large, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Large, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Large, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Large, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Large, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Large, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Large, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Large, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Large, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, fuel cell electric, Large all IAM regions transport, passenger car, battery electric, NMC-622 battery, Large all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Large, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Large, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Large, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Large, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Large, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Large, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Large SUV, EURO-2 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Large SUV, EURO-3 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Large SUV, EURO-4 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Large SUV, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Large SUV, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Large SUV, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Large SUV, EURO-2 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Large SUV, EURO-3 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Large SUV, EURO-4 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Large SUV, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Large SUV, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Large SUV, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Large SUV, EURO-2 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Large SUV, EURO-3 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Large SUV, EURO-4 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Large SUV, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Large SUV, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Large SUV, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Large SUV, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Large SUV, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Large SUV, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Large SUV, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Large SUV, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Large SUV, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, fuel cell electric, Large SUV all IAM regions transport, passenger car, battery electric, NMC-622 battery, Large SUV all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Large SUV, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Large SUV, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Large SUV, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Large SUV, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Large SUV, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Large SUV, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Lower medium, EURO-2 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Lower medium, EURO-3 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Lower medium, EURO-4 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Lower medium, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Lower medium, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Lower medium, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Lower medium, EURO-2 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Lower medium, EURO-3 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Lower medium, EURO-4 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Lower medium, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Lower medium, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Lower medium, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Lower medium, EURO-2 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Lower medium, EURO-3 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Lower medium, EURO-4 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Lower medium, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Lower medium, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Lower medium, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Lower medium, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Lower medium, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Lower medium, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Lower medium, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Lower medium, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Lower medium, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, fuel cell electric, Lower medium all IAM regions transport, passenger car, battery electric, NMC-622 battery, Lower medium all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Lower medium, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Lower medium, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Lower medium, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Lower medium, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Lower medium, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Lower medium, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Medium, EURO-2 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Medium, EURO-3 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Medium, EURO-4 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Medium, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Medium, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Medium, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Medium, EURO-2 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Medium, EURO-3 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Medium, EURO-4 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Medium, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Medium, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Medium, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Medium, EURO-2 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Medium, EURO-3 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Medium, EURO-4 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Medium, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Medium, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Medium, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Medium, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Medium, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Medium, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Medium, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Medium, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Medium, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, fuel cell electric, Medium all IAM regions transport, passenger car, battery electric, NMC-622 battery, Medium all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Medium, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Medium, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Medium, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Medium, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Medium, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Medium, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Medium SUV, EURO-2 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Medium SUV, EURO-3 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Medium SUV, EURO-4 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Medium SUV, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Medium SUV, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Medium SUV, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Medium SUV, EURO-2 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Medium SUV, EURO-3 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Medium SUV, EURO-4 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Medium SUV, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Medium SUV, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Medium SUV, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Medium SUV, EURO-2 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Medium SUV, EURO-3 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Medium SUV, EURO-4 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Medium SUV, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Medium SUV, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Medium SUV, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Medium SUV, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Medium SUV, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Medium SUV, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Medium SUV, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Medium SUV, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Medium SUV, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, fuel cell electric, Medium SUV all IAM regions transport, passenger car, battery electric, NMC-622 battery, Medium SUV all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Medium SUV, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Medium SUV, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Medium SUV, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Medium SUV, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Medium SUV, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Medium SUV, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, battery electric, NMC-622 battery, Micro all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Mini, EURO-2 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Mini, EURO-3 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Mini, EURO-4 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Mini, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Mini, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Mini, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Mini, EURO-2 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Mini, EURO-3 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Mini, EURO-4 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Mini, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Mini, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Mini, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Mini, EURO-2 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Mini, EURO-3 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Mini, EURO-4 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Mini, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Mini, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Mini, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Mini, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Mini, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Mini, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Mini, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Mini, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Mini, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, fuel cell electric, Mini all IAM regions transport, passenger car, battery electric, NMC-622 battery, Mini all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Mini, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Mini, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Mini, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Mini, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Mini, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Mini, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Small, EURO-2 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Small, EURO-3 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Small, EURO-4 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Small, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Small, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Small, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Small, EURO-2 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Small, EURO-3 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Small, EURO-4 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Small, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Small, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Small, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Small, EURO-2 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Small, EURO-3 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Small, EURO-4 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Small, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Small, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Small, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Small, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Small, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Small, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Small, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Small, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Small, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, fuel cell electric, Small all IAM regions transport, passenger car, battery electric, NMC-622 battery, Small all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Small, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Small, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Small, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Small, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Small, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Small, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Van, EURO-2 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Van, EURO-3 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Van, EURO-4 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Van, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Van, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline, Van, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Van, EURO-2 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Van, EURO-3 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Van, EURO-4 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Van, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Van, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel, Van, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Van, EURO-2 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Van, EURO-3 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Van, EURO-4 all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Van, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Van, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, compressed gas, Van, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Van, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Van, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin gasoline hybrid, Van, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Van, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Van, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, plugin diesel hybrid, Van, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, fuel cell electric, Van all IAM regions transport, passenger car, battery electric, NMC-622 battery, Van all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Van, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Van, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, gasoline hybrid, Van, EURO-6d all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Van, EURO-6ab all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Van, EURO-6d-TEMP all IAM regions transport, passenger car, diesel hybrid, Van, EURO-6d all IAM regions =============================================================================== ================== Inventories are from Sacchi2_ et al. 2022. The vehicles are available for different years and emission standards and for each IAM region. *premise* will only import vehicles which production year is equal or inferior to the scenario year considered. *premise* will create fleet average vehicles during the *Transport* transformation for each IAM region. The inventories can be consulted here: LCIpasscars_. .. _Sacchi2: https://www.psi.ch/en/media/72391/download .. _LCIpasscars: https://github.com/polca/premise/blob/master/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-pass_cars.xlsx At the moment. these inventories do not supply inputs to other activities in the LCI database. As such, they are optional. Medium and heavy duty trucks **************************** The following datasets for medium and heavy-duty trucks are imported. ================================================================================== ================== Truck datasets location ================================================================================== ================== transport, freight, lorry, battery electric, NMC-622 battery, 3.5t gross weight all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, fuel cell electric, 3.5t gross weight all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, diesel hybrid, 3.5t gross weight, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 3.5t gross weight, EURO-III all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 3.5t gross weight, EURO-IV all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 3.5t gross weight, EURO-V all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 3.5t gross weight, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 3.5t gross weight, EURO-III all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 3.5t gross weight, EURO-IV all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 3.5t gross weight, EURO-V all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 3.5t gross weight, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, plugin diesel hybrid, 3.5t gross weight, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, battery electric, NMC-622 battery, 7.5t gross weight all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, fuel cell electric, 7.5t gross weight all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, diesel hybrid, 7.5t gross weight, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 7.5t gross weight, EURO-III all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 7.5t gross weight, EURO-IV all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 7.5t gross weight, EURO-V all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 7.5t gross weight, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 7.5t gross weight, EURO-III all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 7.5t gross weight, EURO-IV all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 7.5t gross weight, EURO-V all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 7.5t gross weight, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, plugin diesel hybrid, 7.5t gross weight, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, battery electric, NMC-622 battery, 18t gross weight all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, fuel cell electric, 18t gross weight all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, diesel hybrid, 18t gross weight, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 18t gross weight, EURO-III all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 18t gross weight, EURO-IV all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 18t gross weight, EURO-V all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 18t gross weight, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 18t gross weight, EURO-III all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 18t gross weight, EURO-IV all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 18t gross weight, EURO-V all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 18t gross weight, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, plugin diesel hybrid, 18t gross weight, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, battery electric, NMC-622 battery, 26t gross weight all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, fuel cell electric, 26t gross weight all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, diesel hybrid, 26t gross weight, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 26t gross weight, EURO-III all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 26t gross weight, EURO-IV all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 26t gross weight, EURO-V all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 26t gross weight, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 26t gross weight, EURO-III all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 26t gross weight, EURO-IV all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 26t gross weight, EURO-V all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 26t gross weight, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, plugin diesel hybrid, 26t gross weight, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, battery electric, NMC-622 battery, 32t gross weight all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, fuel cell electric, 32t gross weight all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, diesel hybrid, 32t gross weight, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 32t gross weight, EURO-III all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 32t gross weight, EURO-IV all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 32t gross weight, EURO-V all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 32t gross weight, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 32t gross weight, EURO-III all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 32t gross weight, EURO-IV all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 32t gross weight, EURO-V all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 32t gross weight, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, plugin diesel hybrid, 32t gross weight, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, battery electric, NMC-622 battery, 40t gross weight all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, fuel cell electric, 40t gross weight all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, diesel hybrid, 40t gross weight, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 40t gross weight, EURO-III all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 40t gross weight, EURO-IV all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 40t gross weight, EURO-V all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 40t gross weight, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 40t gross weight, EURO-III all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 40t gross weight, EURO-IV all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 40t gross weight, EURO-V all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, compressed gas, 40t gross weight, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, freight, lorry, plugin diesel hybrid, 40t gross weight, EURO-VI all IAM regions ================================================================================== ================== Inventories are from Sacchi3_ et al. 2021. The vehicles are available for different years and emission standards and for each IAM region. *premise* will only import vehicles which production year is equal or inferior to the scenario year considered. *premise* will create fleet average vehicles during the *Transport* transformation for each IAM region. The inventories can be consulted here: LCItrucks_. .. _LCItrucks: https://github.com/polca/premise/blob/master/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-trucks.xlsx .. _Sacchi3: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.0c07773 Buses ***** The following datasets for city and coach buses are imported. =================================================================================================================== ================== Bus datasets location =================================================================================================================== ================== transport, passenger bus, battery electric - overnight charging, NMC-622 battery, 9m midibus all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, battery electric - opportunity charging, LTO battery, 9m midibus all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, fuel cell electric, 9m midibus all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, diesel hybrid, 9m midibus, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, diesel, 9m midibus, EURO-III all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, diesel, 9m midibus, EURO-IV all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, diesel, 9m midibus, EURO-V all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, diesel, 9m midibus, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 9m midibus, EURO-III all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 9m midibus, EURO-IV all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 9m midibus, EURO-V all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 9m midibus, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, battery electric - overnight charging, NMC-622 battery, 13m single deck urban bus all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, battery electric - battery-equipped trolleybus, LTO battery, 13m single deck urban bus all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, battery electric - opportunity charging, LTO battery, 13m single deck urban bus all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, fuel cell electric, 13m single deck urban bus all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, diesel hybrid, 13m single deck urban bus, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, diesel, 13m single deck urban bus, EURO-III all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, diesel, 13m single deck urban bus, EURO-IV all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, diesel, 13m single deck urban bus, EURO-V all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, diesel, 13m single deck urban bus, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 13m single deck urban bus, EURO-III all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 13m single deck urban bus, EURO-IV all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 13m single deck urban bus, EURO-V all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 13m single deck urban bus, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, fuel cell electric, 13m single deck coach bus all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, diesel hybrid, 13m single deck coach bus, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, diesel, 13m single deck coach bus, EURO-III all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, diesel, 13m single deck coach bus, EURO-IV all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, diesel, 13m single deck coach bus, EURO-V all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, diesel, 13m single deck coach bus, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 13m single deck coach bus, EURO-III all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 13m single deck coach bus, EURO-IV all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 13m single deck coach bus, EURO-V all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 13m single deck coach bus, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, battery electric - overnight charging, NMC-622 battery, 13m double deck urban bus all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, battery electric - opportunity charging, LTO battery, 13m double deck urban bus all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, fuel cell electric, 13m double deck urban bus all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, diesel hybrid, 13m double deck urban bus, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, diesel, 13m double deck urban bus, EURO-III all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, diesel, 13m double deck urban bus, EURO-IV all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, diesel, 13m double deck urban bus, EURO-V all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, diesel, 13m double deck urban bus, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 13m double deck urban bus, EURO-III all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 13m double deck urban bus, EURO-IV all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 13m double deck urban bus, EURO-V all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 13m double deck urban bus, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, fuel cell electric, 13m double deck coach bus all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, diesel hybrid, 13m double deck coach bus, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, diesel, 13m double deck coach bus, EURO-III all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, diesel, 13m double deck coach bus, EURO-IV all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, diesel, 13m double deck coach bus, EURO-V all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, diesel, 13m double deck coach bus, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 13m double deck coach bus, EURO-III all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 13m double deck coach bus, EURO-IV all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 13m double deck coach bus, EURO-V all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 13m double deck coach bus, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, battery electric - overnight charging, NMC-622 battery, 18m articulated urban bus all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, battery electric - battery-equipped trolleybus, LTO battery, 18m articulated urban bus all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, battery electric - opportunity charging, LTO battery, 18m articulated urban bus all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, fuel cell electric, 18m articulated urban bus all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, diesel hybrid, 18m articulated urban bus, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, diesel, 18m articulated urban bus, EURO-III all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, diesel, 18m articulated urban bus, EURO-IV all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, diesel, 18m articulated urban bus, EURO-V all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, diesel, 18m articulated urban bus, EURO-VI all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 18m articulated urban bus, EURO-III all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 18m articulated urban bus, EURO-IV all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 18m articulated urban bus, EURO-V all IAM regions transport, passenger bus, compressed gas, 18m articulated urban bus, EURO-VI all IAM regions =================================================================================================================== ================== Inventories are from Sacchi_ et al. 2021. The vehicles are available for different years and emission standards and for each IAM region. *premise* will only import vehicles which production year is equal or inferior to the scenario year considered. *premise* will create fleet average vehicles during the *Transport* transformation for each IAM region. The inventories can be consulted here: LCIbuses_. .. _LCIbuses: https://github.com/polca/premise/blob/master/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-buses.xlsx At the moment. these inventories do not supply inputs to other activities in the LCI database. As such, they are optional. Migration between ecoinvent versions ------------------------------------ Because the additional inventories that are imported may be composed of exchanges meant to link with an ecoinvent version different than what the user specifies to *premise* upon the database creation, it is necessary to be able to "translate" the imported inventories so that they correctly link to any ecoinvent version *premise* is compatible with. Therefore, *premise* has a migration map that is used to convert certain exchanges to be compatible with a given ecoinvent version. This migration map is provided here: migrationmap_. .. _migrationmap: https://github.com/polca/premise/blob/master/premise/data/additional_inventories/migration_map.csv IAM data collection """"""""""""""""""" After extracting the ecoinvent database and additional inventories, *premise* instantiates the class *IAMDataCollection*, which collects all sorts of data from the IAM output file and store it into multi-dimensional arrays. Production volumes ------------------ Production volumes for different commodities are collected, for the year and scenario specified by the user. Production volumes are used to build regional markets. For example, for the global market, the volume-based shares of each region are used to reflect their respective supply importance. Another example is for building electricity markets: the respective production volumes of each electricity-producing technology is used to determine the gross supply mix of the market. The table below shows the correspondence between *premise*, REMIND, IMAGE and LCI terminology, regarding electricity producing technologies. *premise* production volumes given for secondary energy carriers for electricity. The mapping file is available in the library root folder: mappingElec_. .. _mappingElec: https://github.com/polca/premise/blob/master/premise/data/electricity/electricity_tech_vars.yml ========================== ===================================== ================================================= =================================================================================================== name in premise name in REMIND name in IMAGE name in LCI database (only first of several shown) ========================== ===================================== ================================================= =================================================================================================== Biomass CHP SE|Electricity|Biomass|CHP|w/o CCS Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS|3 heat and power co-generation, wood chips Biomass CHP CCS Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS|2 electricity production, at co-generation power plant/wood, post, pipeline 200km, storage 1000m Biomass ST Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS|1 electricity production, at wood burning power plant 20 MW, truck 25km, no CCS Biomass IGCC CCS SE|Electricity|Biomass|IGCCC|w/ CCS Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS|1 electricity production, from CC plant, 100% SNG, truck 25km, post, pipeline 200km, storage 1000m Biomass IGCC SE|Electricity|Biomass|IGCC|w/o CCS Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS|2 electricity production, at BIGCC power plant 450MW, no CCS Coal PC SE|Electricity|Coal|PC|w/o CCS Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS|1 electricity production, hard coal Coal IGCC SE|Electricity|Coal|IGCC|w/o CCS Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS|2 electricity production, at power plant/hard coal, IGCC, no CCS Coal PC CCS SE|Electricity|Coal|PCC|w/ CCS electricity production, at power plant/hard coal, post, pipeline 200km, storage 1000m Coal IGCC CCS SE|Electricity|Coal|IGCCC|w/ CCS Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|w/ CCS|1 electricity production, at power plant/hard coal, pre, pipeline 200km, storage 1000m Coal CHP SE|Electricity|Coal|CHP|w/o CCS Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS|3 heat and power co-generation, hard coal Coal CHP CCS Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|w/ CCS|2 electricity production, at co-generation power plant/hard coal, oxy, pipeline Gas OC SE|Electricity|Gas|GT Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS|1 electricity production, natural gas, conventional power plant Gas CC SE|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/o CCS Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS|2 electricity production, natural gas, combined cycle power plant Gas CHP SE|Electricity|Gas|CHP|w/o CCS Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS|3 heat and power co-generation, natural gas, combined cycle power plant, 400MW electrical Gas CHP CCS Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS|2 electricity production, at co-generation power plant/natural gas, post, pipeline Gas CC CCS SE|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS|1 electricity production, at power plant/natural gas, pre, pipeline Geothermal SE|Electricity|Geothermal Secondary Energy|Electricity|Other electricity production, deep geothermal Hydro SE|Electricity|Hydro Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydro electricity production, hydro, reservoir Nuclear SE|Electricity|Nuclear Secondary Energy|Electricity|Nuclear electricity production, nuclear Oil ST SE|Electricity|Oil|w/o CCS Secondary Energy|Electricity|Oil|w/o CCS|1 electricity production, oil Oil CC Secondary Energy|Electricity|Oil|w/o CCS|2 electricity production, oil Oil CC CCS Secondary Energy|Electricity|Oil|w/ CCS|1 electricity production, at co-generation power plant/oil, post, pipeline 200km, storage 1000m Oil CHP Secondary Energy|Electricity|Oil|w/o CCS|3 heat and power co-generation, oil Oil CHP CCS Secondary Energy|Electricity|Oil|w/ CCS|2 electricity production, at co-generation power plant/oil, post, pipeline 200km, storage 1000m Solar CSP SE|Electricity|Solar|CSP Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar|CSP electricity production, solar thermal parabolic trough, 50 MW Solar PV Centralized SE|Electricity|Solar|PV Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar|PV|1 electricity production, photovoltaic, commercial Solar PV Residential Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar|PV|2 electricity production, photovoltaic, residential Wind Onshore SE|Electricity|Wind|Onshore Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|1 electricity production, wind, <1MW turbine, onshore Wind Offshore SE|Electricity|Wind|Offshore Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|2 electricity production, wind, 1-3MW turbine, offshore biomass - purpose grown SE|Electricity|Biomass|Energy Crops Primary Energy|Biomass|Energy Crops market for wood chips biomass - residual SE|Electricity|Biomass|Residues Primary Energy|Biomass|Residues Supply of forest residue ========================== ===================================== ================================================= =================================================================================================== .. note:: IAMs do not necessarily display the same variety of technologies. For example, REMIND does not provide a variable for residential PV production. .. note:: Because of a lack of more diverse inventories, wind power is only represented with relatively small installations (< 1MW, 1-3 MW and >3 MW), in respect to today's standard. This can lead to overestimate the associated environmental burden. The table below shows the correspondence between *premise*, REMIND, IMAGE and LCI terminology, regarding steel and cement producing technologies. The mapping files are available in the library root folder: mappingCement_ and mappingSteel_. ==================== ====================================== ============================= ============================== name in premise name in REMIND name in IMAGE name in LCI database ==================== ====================================== ============================= ============================== cement Production|Industry|Cement Production|Cement cement production, Portland steel - primary Production|Industry|Steel|Primary Production|Steel|Primary steel production, converter steel - secondary Production|Industry|Steel|Secondary Production|Steel|Secondary steel production, electric ==================== ====================================== ============================= ============================== The table below shows the correspondence between *premise*, REMIND, IMAGE and LCI terminology, regarding fuel producing technologies. The mapping file is available in the library root folder: mappingFuels_. ==================================== =============================================== ========================================================================= ================================================================================================================================================ name in premise name in REMIND name in IMAGE name in LCI database (only first of several shown) ==================================== =============================================== ========================================================================= ================================================================================================================================================ natural gas SE|Gases|Non-Biomass natural gas, high pressure biomethane SE|Gases|Biomass biomethane, gaseous diesel SE|Liquids|Oil Secondary Energy|Consumption|Liquids|Fossil diesel production, low-sulfur gasoline SE|Liquids|Oil Secondary Energy|Consumption|Liquids|Fossil petrol production, low-sulfur petrol, synthetic, hydrogen SE|Liquids|Hydrogen gasoline production, synthetic, from methanol, hydrogen from electrolysis, CO2 from DAC, energy allocation, at fuelling station petrol, synthetic, coal SE|Liquids|Coal|w/o CCS gasoline production, synthetic, from methanol, hydrogen from coal gasification, CO2 from DAC, energy allocation, at fuelling station diesel, synthetic, hydrogen SE|Liquids|Hydrogen diesel production, synthetic, from Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from electrolysis, energy allocation, at fuelling station diesel, synthetic, coal SE|Liquids|Coal|w/o CCS diesel production, synthetic, from Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from coal gasification, energy allocation, at fuelling station diesel, synthetic, wood SE|Liquids|Biomass|Biofuel|BioFTR|w/o CCS Secondary Energy|Consumption|Liquids|Biomass|FT Diesel|Woody|w/oCCS diesel production, synthetic, from Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from wood gasification, energy allocation, at fuelling station diesel, synthetic, wood, with CCS SE|Liquids|Biomass|Biofuel|BioFTRC|w/ CCS Secondary Energy|Consumption|Liquids|Biomass|FT Diesel|Woody|w/CCS diesel production, synthetic, from Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from wood gasification, with CCS, energy allocation, at fuelling station diesel, synthetic, grass Secondary Energy|Consumption|Liquids|Biomass|FT Diesel|Grassy|w/oCCS diesel production, synthetic, from Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from wood gasification, energy allocation, at fuelling station diesel, synthetic, grass, with CCS Secondary Energy|Consumption|Liquids|Biomass|FT Diesel|Grassy|w/CCS diesel production, synthetic, from Fischer Tropsch process, hydrogen from wood gasification, with CCS, energy allocation, at fuelling station hydrogen, electrolysis SE|Hydrogen|Electricity hydrogen supply, from electrolysis hydrogen, biomass SE|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/o CCS hydrogen supply, from gasification of biomass, by hydrogen, biomass, with CCS SE|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/ CCS hydrogen supply, from gasification of biomass by heatpipe reformer, with CCS hydrogen, coal SE|Hydrogen|Coal|w/o CCS hydrogen supply, from coal gasification, by truck, as gaseous, over 500 km hydrogen, from natural gas SE|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS hydrogen supply, from SMR of from natural gas, by truck, as gaseous, over 500 km hydrogen, from natural gas, with CCS SE|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS hydrogen supply, from SMR of from natural gas, with CCS, by truck, as gaseous, over 500 km biodiesel, oil SE|Liquids|Biomass|Biofuel|Biodiesel|w/o CCS Secondary Energy|Consumption|Liquids|Biomass|Biodiesel|Oilcrops|w/oCCS biodiesel production, via transesterification biodiesel, oil, with CCS Secondary Energy|Consumption|Liquids|Biomass|Biodiesel|Oilcrops|w/CCS biodiesel production, via transesterification bioethanol, wood SE|Liquids|Biomass|Cellulosic|w/o CCS Secondary Energy|Consumption|Liquids|Biomass|Ethanol|Woody|w/oCCS ethanol production, via fermentation, from forest bioethanol, wood, with CCS SE|Liquids|Biomass|Cellulosic|w/ CCS Secondary Energy|Consumption|Liquids|Biomass|Ethanol|Woody|w/CCS ethanol production, via fermentation, from forest, with carbon capture and storage bioethanol, grass SE|Liquids|Biomass|Non-Cellulosic Secondary Energy|Consumption|Liquids|Biomass|Ethanol|Grassy|w/oCCS ethanol production, via fermentation, from switchgrass bioethanol, grass, with CCS Secondary Energy|Consumption|Liquids|Biomass|Ethanol|Grassy|w/CCS ethanol production, via fermentation, from switchgrass, with carbon capture and storage bioethanol, grain SE|Liquids|Biomass|Conventional Ethanol Secondary Energy|Consumption|Liquids|Biomass|Ethanol|Maize|w/oCCS ethanol production, via fermentation, from wheat grains bioethanol, grain, with CCS Secondary Energy|Consumption|Liquids|Biomass|Ethanol|Maize|w/CCS ethanol production, via fermentation, from corn, with carbon capture and storage bioethanol, sugar SE|Liquids|Biomass|Conventional Ethanol Secondary Energy|Consumption|Liquids|Biomass|Ethanol|Sugar|w/oCCS ethanol production, via fermentation, from sugarbeet bioethanol, sugar, with CCS Secondary Energy|Consumption|Liquids|Biomass|Ethanol|Sugar|w/CCS ethanol production, via fermentation, from sugarbeet, with carbon capture and storage methanol, wood Secondary Energy|Consumption|Liquids|Biomass|Methanol|Woody|w/oCCS market for methanol, from biomass methanol, grass Secondary Energy|Consumption|Liquids|Biomass|Methanol|Grassy|w/oCCS market for methanol, from biomass methanol, wood, with CCS Secondary Energy|Consumption|Liquids|Biomass|Methanol|Woody|w/CCS market for methanol, from biomass methanol, grass, with CCS Secondary Energy|Consumption|Liquids|Biomass|Methanol|Grassy|w/CCS market for methanol, from biomass ==================================== =============================================== ========================================================================= ================================================================================================================================================ .. warning:: Some fuel types are not properly represented in the LCI database. Available inventories for biomass-based methanol production do not differentiate between wood and grass as the feedstock. .. note:: **Modelling choice**: *premise* builds several potential supply chains for hydrogen. Because the logistics to supply hydrogen in the future is not known or indicated by the IAM, the choice is made to supply it by truck over 500 km, in a gaseous state. The production volumes considered for a given scenario can be consulted, like so: .. code-block:: python ndb.scenarios[0]["iam data"].production_volumes To have an updated overview of the mapping concenring all sectors, refer to this file: mapping_. .. _mapping: https://github.com/polca/premise/blob/master/premise/iam_variables_mapping/mapping_overview.xlsx Efficiencies ------------ The efficiency of the different technologies producing commodities (e.g., electricity, steel, cement, fuel) is modelled to change over time by the IAM. *premise* stores the relative change in efficiency of such technologies. The table below shows the correspondence between *premise*, REMIND, IMAGE, regarding efficiency variables for electricity producing technologies. The mapping file is available in the library root folder: mappingElec_. .. _mappingElec: https://github.com/polca/premise/blob/master/premise/data/electricity/electricity_tech_vars.yml ================== ================================================== =========================================== name in premise name in REMIND name in IMAGE ================== ================================================== =========================================== Biomass CHP Tech|Electricity|Biomass|CHP|w/o CCS|Efficiency Efficiency|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS|3 Biomass CHP CCS Efficiency|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS|2 Biomass ST Efficiency|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS|1 Biomass IGCC CCS Tech|Electricity|Biomass|IGCCC|w/ CCS|Efficiency Efficiency|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS|1 Biomass IGCC Tech|Electricity|Biomass|IGCC|w/o CCS|Efficiency Efficiency|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS|2 Coal PC Tech|Electricity|Coal|PC|w/o CCS|Efficiency Efficiency|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS|1 Coal IGCC Tech|Electricity|Coal|IGCC|w/o CCS|Efficiency Efficiency|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS|2 Coal PC CCS Tech|Electricity|Coal|PCC|w/ CCS|Efficiency Coal IGCC CCS Tech|Electricity|Coal|IGCCC|w/ CCS|Efficiency Efficiency|Electricity|Coal|w/ CCS|1 Coal CHP Tech|Electricity|Coal|CHP|w/o CCS|Efficiency Efficiency|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS|3 Coal CHP CCS Efficiency|Electricity|Coal|w/ CCS|2 Gas OC Tech|Electricity|Gas|GT|Efficiency Efficiency|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS|1 Gas CC Tech|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/o CCS|Efficiency Efficiency|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS|2 Gas CHP Tech|Electricity|Gas|CHP|w/o CCS|Efficiency Efficiency|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS|3 Gas CHP CCS Efficiency|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS|2 Gas CC CCS Tech|Electricity|Gas|CCC|w/ CCS|Efficiency Efficiency|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS|1 Nuclear Efficiency|Electricity|Nuclear Oil ST Tech|Electricity|Oil|DOT|Efficiency Efficiency|Electricity|Oil|w/o CCS|1 Oil CC Efficiency|Electricity|Oil|w/o CCS|2 Oil CC CCS Efficiency|Electricity|Oil|w/ CCS|1 Oil CHP Efficiency|Electricity|Oil|w/o CCS|3 Oil CHP CCS Efficiency|Electricity|Oil|w/ CCS|2 ================== ================================================== =========================================== The table below shows the correspondence between *premise*, REMIND, IMAGE, regarding efficiency variables for cement and steel producing technologies. For cement and steel, it is different, as *premise* derives efficiencies by dividing the the final energy demand by the production volume (to obtain GJ/t steel or cement). This is because efficiency variables for cement and steel is not always given as such. The mapping files are available in the library root folder: mappingCement_ and mappingSteel_. .. _mappingCement: https://github.com/polca/premise/blob/master/premise/data/cement/cement_tech_vars.yml .. _mappingSteel: https://github.com/polca/premise/blob/master/premise/data/steel/steel_tech_vars.yml ==================== ========================================== ============================== name in premise name in REMIND name in IMAGE ==================== ========================================== ============================== cement Final Energy|Industry|Cement FE|Industry|Cement steel - primary Final Energy|Industry|Steel FE|Industry|Steel|Primary steel - secondary Final Energy|Industry|Steel|Electricity FE|Industry|Steel|Secondary ==================== ========================================== ============================== The table below shows the correspondence between *premise*, REMIND, IMAGE, regarding efficiency variables for fuels producing technologies. The mapping file is available in the library root folder: mappingFuels_. .. _mappingFuels: https://github.com/polca/premise/blob/master/premise/data/fuels/fuel_tech_vars.yml ==================================== ======================================================================= ======================================================== name in premise name in REMIND name in IMAGE ==================================== ======================================================================= ======================================================== biomethane Tech|Gases|Biomass|w/o CCS|Efficiency diesel Tech|Liquids|Oil|Efficiency gasoline Tech|Liquids|Oil|Efficiency diesel, synthetic, wood Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|FT Diesel|Woody|w/o CCS diesel, synthetic, wood, with CCS Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|FT Diesel|Woody|w/ CCS diesel, synthetic, grass Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|FT Diesel|Woody|w/o CCS diesel, synthetic, grass, with CCS Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|FT Diesel|Woody|w/ CCS biodiesel, oil Tech|Liquids|Biomass|Biofuel|Biodiesel|w/o CCS|Efficiency Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|Biodiesel|Oilcrops|w/o CCS biodiesel, oil, with CCS Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|Biodiesel|Oilcrops|w/ CCS bioethanol, wood Tech|Liquids|Biomass|Biofuel|Ethanol|Cellulosic|w/o CCS|Efficiency Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|Ethanol|Woody|w/o CCS bioethanol, wood, with CCS Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|Ethanol|Woody|w/ CCS bioethanol, grass Tech|Liquids|Biomass|Biofuel|Ethanol|Cellulosic|w/o CCS|Efficiency Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|Ethanol|Grassy|w/o CCS bioethanol, grass, with CCS Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|Ethanol|Grassy|w/ CCS bioethanol, grain Tech|Liquids|Biomass|Biofuel|Ethanol|Conventional|w/o CCS|Efficiency Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|Ethanol|Maize|w/o CCS bioethanol, grain, with CCS Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|Ethanol|Maize|w/ CCS bioethanol, sugar Tech|Liquids|Biomass|Biofuel|Ethanol|Conventional|w/o CCS|Efficiency Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|Ethanol|Sugar|w/o CCS bioethanol, sugar, with CCS Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|Ethanol|Sugar|w/ CCS methanol, wood Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|Methanol|Woody|w/o CCS methanol, grass Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|Methanol|Grassy|w/o CCS methanol, wood, with CCS Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|Methanol|Woody|w/ CCS methanol, grass, with CCS Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|Methanol|Grassy|w/ CCS ==================================== ======================================================================= ======================================================== *premise* stores the change in efficiency (called *scaling factor*) of a given technology relative to 2020. This is based on the fact that the efficiency of ecoinvent datasets are believed to reflect current (2020) efficiency. .. note:: If a technology, in a given region, is given a *scaling factor* of 1.2 in 2030, this means that the corresponding ecoinvent dataset is adjusted so that its efficiency is improved by 20% (by multiplying the dataset inputs by 1/1.2). In other words, *premise* does not use the efficiency given by the IAM, but rather its change over time relative to 2020. The *scaling factors* considered for a given scenario can be consulted, like so: .. code-block:: python ndb.scenarios[0]["iam data"].efficiency Land use and land use change ---------------------------- When building prospective databases using the IAM IMAGE model, the latter provides additional variables relating to average *land use* and *land use change* emissions, for each type of crop grown to be used in biofuel production. Upon the creation of biofuel supply chains in the *Fuels* transformation function, such information is used to adjust the inventories of crop farming datasets. The table below shows the IMAGE variables used to that effect. The mapping file is available in the library root folder: mappingCrops_. .. _mappingCrops: https://github.com/polca/premise/blob/master/premise/data/fuels/crops_properties.yml ========================= ========================== ========================================== ============================================================= Crop family in premise Crop type in premise Land use variable in IMAGE [Ha/GJ-Prim] Land use change variable in IMAGE [kg CO2/GJ-Prim] ========================= ========================== ========================================== ============================================================= sugar sugarbeet, sugarcane Land Use|Average|Biomass|Sugar Emission Factor|CO2|Energy|Supply|Biomass|Average|Sugar oil rapeseed, palm oil Land Use|Average|Biomass|OilCrop Emission Factor|CO2|Energy|Supply|Biomass|Average|Oilcrops wood poplar, eucalyptus Land Use|Average|Biomass|Woody Emission Factor|CO2|Energy|Supply|Biomass|Average|Woody grass switchgrass, miscanthus Land Use|Average|Biomass|Grassy Emission Factor|CO2|Energy|Supply|Biomass|Average|Grassy grain corn Land Use|Average|Biomass|Maize Emission Factor|CO2|Energy|Supply|Biomass|Average|Maize ========================= ========================== ========================================== ============================================================= The *land use* and *land use change* emissions considered for a given scenario can be consulted, like so: .. code-block:: python ndb.scenarios[0]["iam data"].land_use ndb.scenarios[0]["iam data"].land_use_change Carbon Capture and Storage -------------------------- Some scenarios involve the capture and storage of CO2 emissions of certain sectors (e.g., cement and steel). The capture rate of a given sector is calculated from the IAM data file, as:: rate = amount of CO2 captured / (amount of CO2 captured + amount of CO2 not captured) The table below lists the variables needed to calculate those rates. ============================== =============================== ============================================ name in premise name in REMIND name in IMAGE ============================== =============================== ============================================ cement - CO2 (not captured) Emi|CO2|FFaI|Industry|Cement Emissions|CO2|Industry|Cement|Gross cement - CCO2 (captured) Emi|CCO2|FFaI|Industry|Cement Emissions|CO2|Industry|Cement|Sequestered steel - CO2 (not captured) Emi|CO2|FFaI|Industry|Steel Emissions|CO2|Industry|Steel|Gross steel - CCO2 (captured) Emi|CCO2|FFaI|Industry|Steel Emissions|CO2|Industry|Steel|Sequestered ============================== =============================== ============================================ The *carbon capture rates* which are floating values comprised between 0 and 1, can be consulted like so: .. code-block:: python ndb.scenarios[0]["iam data"].carbon_capture_rate Data sources external to the IAM -------------------------------- *premise* tries to adhere to the IAM scenario data as much as possible. There are however a number of cases where external data sources are used. This is notably the case for non-CO2 pollutants emissions for different sectors (electricity, steel and cement), fuel mixes and power generation for the cement industry, as well as expected efficiency gains for photovoltaic panels. Air emissions ************* *premise* relies on projections from the air emissions models GAINS-EU_ and GAINS-IAM_ to adjust the emissions of pollutants for different sectors. As with efficiencies, *premise* stores the change in emissions (called *scaling factor*) of a given technology relative to 2020. This is based on the fact that the emissions of ecoinvent datasets are believed to reflect the current (2020) situation. Hence, if a technology, in a given region, has a *scaling factor* of 1.2 in 2030, this means that the corresponding ecoinvent dataset is adjusted so that its emissions of a given substance is improved by 20%. In other words, *premise* does not use the emissions level given by GAINS, but rather its change over time relative to 2020. For more information about this step, refer to sub-section "GAINS emission factors" in the EXTRACT section. .. _GAINS-EU: https://gains.iiasa.ac.at/gains/EUN/index.login .. _GAINS-IAM: https://gains.iiasa.ac.at/gains/IAM/index.login Cement production ***************** A number of parameters to model future clinker/cement production is sourced from the IAM file, such as: * The expected change in fuel efficiency for clinker production. Photovoltaic panels ******************* Module efficiencies in 2010 for micro-Si and single-Si are from IEA_ Task 12 report. For multi-Si, CIGS, CIS and CdTe, they are from IEA2_ road map report on PV panels. .. _IEA2: https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/3a99654f-ffff-469f-b83c-bf0386ed8537/pv_roadmap.pdf Current (2020) module efficiencies for all PV types are given by a 2021 report from the Fraunhofer_ Institute. The efficiencies indicated for 2050 are what has been obtained in laboratory conditions by the Fraunhofer_ Institute. In other words, it is assumed that by 2050, solar PVs will reach production level efficiencies equal to those observed today in laboratories. .. _Fraunhofer: https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/content/dam/ise/de/documents/publications/studies/Photovoltaics-Report.pdff ====================== =========== ============ =========== ======= ====== ======= % module efficiency micro-Si single-Si multi-Si CIGS CIS CdTe ====================== =========== ============ =========== ======= ====== ======= 2010 10 15.1 14 11 11 10 2020 11.9 17.9 16.8 14 14 16.8 2050 12.5 26.7 24.4 23.4 23.4 21 ====================== =========== ============ =========== ======= ====== =======